Lee Laboratories

Biomedical Research Areas

Our major research interest is to design and develop micro- and nano-scale biochips/devices for diagnostic and therapeutic biomedical applications including cancer diagnosis/therapy, infectious diseases and regenerative medicine.

For diagnosis, our current focus is on extracellular vesicles (EVs) based liquid biopsy assay development by using affinity based EV separation to sort and capture specific exosome-like and microvesicle-like EV subpopulations and then using molecular beacons and fluorescence labelled antibodies as probes to measure RNA and protein targets at single EV level on a total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscope.

For therapeutics, we have extended our nanocarrier strategy from synthetic lipoplex and polyplex nanoparticles to cell secreted therapeutic exosomes (tExos) in recent years. Unlike synthetic nanocarriers, tExos possess low toxicity and low immunogenicity, and can penetrate physiological barriers such as blood-brain barrier (BBB) and solid tumors via transcytosis. Exosomes released from stem cells such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) also provide anti-inflammation and anti-fibrosis functions. Furthermore, we have developed a unique nanochannel electroporation (NEP) technology which can transfect individual cells with high dose control and cell viability. In addition to direct cell transfection of plasmid DNAs and molecular probes for cell reprogamming, gene editing and living cell interrogation, NEP can also produce a large sclae EVs including exosomes from stimulated cells, which containing targeting peptides and therapeutic mRNAs, microRNAs and shRNAs. This technology has been demonstrated in in vivo tissue nano-transfection (TNT) for tissue repair, and in ex vivo cellular nanoporation (CNP) of tExo generation for transcriptional manipulation.

Targeted Delivery by Lipoplex Nanoparticles- The high mortality rates for many cancers can be attributed to late diagnosis, high recurrence rates, metastasis, and limited effectiveness of current therapeutic modalities. Although the aforementioned issues have been studied extensively, there is no current technology platform that allows for simultaneous detection, therapy and prognosis determination. MicroRNA (miRNA) dysregulation has been implicated in HCC development. These miRNAs regulate a network of tumor promoting and tumor suppressor genes that are critical for tumor cell survival, epithelial-to-mesenchymal and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (EMT/MET), escaping the host immune system, resistance to therapy, and angiogenesis. Modulating tumor cells and its microenvironment with miRNA replacement (MRT) and anti-miRNA therapy (AMT) can potentially inhibit tumor growth and sensitize tumor cells to existing therapy. A critical barrier to the clinical development of MRT/AMT is that oligonucleotides are sensitive to nucleases, subject to renal and reticuloendothelial system (RES) clearance with minimum membrane permeability. Delivery systems based on targeted lipid nanoparticles can potentially address these problems. My team has made significant contribution in this area.

• B. Yu, Y. Mao, L. Bai, S. May, A. Ramanunni, Y. Jin, X. Mo, C. Carolyn, K.K. Chan, D. Jarjoura, G. Marcucci, R.J. Lee, J.C. Byrd, L.J. Lee and N. Muthusamy, “Liposomal Targeted Delivery Overcomes Off-target Immunostimulatory Effects of RNA Oligonucleotide”, Blood, 121, 136-147 (2013).

• X. Huang, S. Schwind, B. Yu, R. Santhanam, H. Wang, P. Hoellerbauer, A. Mims, R. Klisovic, A.R. Walker, K.K. Chan, W. Blum, D. Perrotti, J.C. Byrd, C.D. Bloomfield, M.A. Caligiuri, R.J. Lee, R. Garzon, N. Muthusamy, L.J. Lee and G. Marcucci, “Targeted Delivery of microRNA-29b by Transferrin Conjugated Anionic Lipopolyplex Nanoparticles: A Novel Therapeutic Strategy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia”, Clinical Cancer Research, 19(9), 2275-2292 (2013).

• Y. Wu, J. Ma, P Woods, N. Chesarino, L.J. Lee, S.P. Nana-Sinkam and I.C. Davis, DVM, “Selective Targeting of Alveolar Type II Respiratory Epithelial Cells by Anti-surfactant Protein-C Antibody-conjugated Lipoplexes”, J. Controlled Release, 203, 140-149 (2015).

• C-L Chiang, S. Goswami, F. Frissora, Z. Xie, P Yan, R. Bundschuh, L. Walker, X. Huang, R. Mani, X. Mo, S. Baskar, C. Rader, M. Phelps, G. Marcucci, J. Byrd, L.J. Lee, and N. Muthusamy, “ROR1-targeted Delivery of miR-29b Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Therapeutic Benefit in vivo in CLL Mouse Model”, Blood, 134, 432-444 (2019).

Cell-Based Drug Delivery- Cell-based therapeutic strategy has been proposed as a tissue engineering application for several decades. Primary or cell line with certain product secretion can be used as “seed” cell for therapeutic function. Alternative resource of cells is from gene recombination-mediated methods. As most tissue or cellular transplants, the cellular grafts are subject to immunorejection in the absence of chronic immunosuppression. For cell-based device applications in vivo, the device must provide proper cell immunoprotection with minimal inflammatory response. Furthermore, the device should possess controllable degradation characteristics such that the implant does not need to be removed after use via invasive second surgery. My lab has conducted considerable research in this area.

• X. Zhang, H. He and L.J. Lee, “A Biodegradable, Immunoprotective, Dual Nanoporous Capsule for Cell-Based Therapies”, Biomaterials, 29, 4253-4259 (2008).

• H. He, V. Grignol, V. Karpa, C. Yen, K. Laperle, X. Zhang, N.B. Jones, M.I. Liang, G.B. Lesinski, W. Ho, W.E. Carson, III and L.J. Lee, “Use of a Nanoporous Biodegradable Miniature Device to Regulate Cytokine Release for Cancer Treatment”, Journal of Controlled Release, 151, 239-245 (2011).

• F. Yang, X. Zhang, A. Maiseyeu, G. Michai, R. Yasmeen, D. DiSilvestro, K.S., Maurya, M. Periasamy, V. Bergdall, C. Sen, S. Roy, L. J. Lee, S. Rajagopalan, and O. Ziouzenkova, ”The Prolonged Survival of Fibroblasts with Forced Lipid Catabolism in Visceral Fat Following Encapsulation in Alginate-poly-L-lysine”, Biomaterials, 33(22), 5638-5649 (2012).

• H. He, E. Luedke, X. Zhang, B. Yu, A. Schmitt, B. McClarren, V. Grignol, W.E. Carson III and L.J. Lee, “A Nanoporous Cell-Therapy Device with Controllable Biodegradation for Long-Term Drug Release”, Journal of Controlled Release, 165(3), 226-233 (2013).

BREAKTHROUGH GENE THERAPY: INJECTABLE, PROGRAMMABLE NANOCARRIERS FOR CUSTOM MEDICINE DEVELOPMENT OF A GENERAL PLATFORM TO PURIFY APO-PROTEINS

Innovation: Jim Lee’s gene-therapy method transforms human cells into mass producers of tiny nano-sized particles containing genetic material with the potential to reverse disease processes, kill cancer cells or regenerate organs, or silence or activate specific genes.

Impact: Potential application in therapeutics that surmounts bio-barriers: Deliverable to any target within the body, including safely accessing the brain, without provoking an immune response.

Professor Lee has an extensive record of publishing, including

• More than 400 papers with more than 15,000 citations
• Publications with IF>10:
  • 3 in Nature Nanotechnology,
  • 1 in Nature Biomedical Engineering,
  • 1 in Nature Communication,
  • 2 in Cancer Cell,
  • 6 in Advanced Materials, 
  • 5 in Blood,
  • 1 in American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,
  • 1 in Proceedings of National Academy of Science, 
  • 2 in Journal of American Chemical Society, 
  • 8 in Biomaterials, 
  • 3 in ACS Nano, 
  • 1 in Nano Letters,
  • 1 in Clinical Cancer Research,
  • 4 in Small,
  • 2 in Physical Review Letters

Polymer Micro- and Nano-Engineering/Micro- and Nanofluidics/BioMEMS and NEMS

1. X. Cao, S. Lai and L.J. Lee, "Design of a Self-Regulated Drug Delivery Device", Biomedical Microdevices, 3(2), 109-118 (2001).
2. M.J. Madou, L.J. Lee, S. Daunert, K.W. Koelling, S. Lai, and C-H Shih, "Design and Fabrication of CD-like Microfluidic Platforms for Diagnostics, Part I: Microfluidic Functions", Biomedical Microdevices, 3(3), 245-254 (2001).
3. L.J. Lee, M.J. Madou, K.W. Koelling, S. Daunert, S. Lai, C.G. Koh, Y-J Juang, Y. Lu and L Yu, "Design and Fabrication of CD-like Microfluidic Platforms for Diagnostics, Part II: Polymer-Based Microfabrication", Biomedical Microdevices, 3(4), 339-351 (2001).
4. M.J. Madou, Y. Lu, S. Lai, C.G. Koh, L.J. Lee and B.R. Wenner, "A Novel Design on a CD Disc for 2-Point Calibration Measurement," Sensors and Actuators A-Physical, 91(3), 301-306 (2001).
5. Y-J Juang, L.J. Lee and K.W. Koelling, "Hot Embossing of Polymers for Microfabrication, Part I. Experimental", Polymer Engineering and Science, 42(3), 539-550 (2002).
6. Y-J Juang, L.J. Lee and K.W. Koelling, "Hot Embossing of Polymers for Microfabrication, Part II. Rheological Characterization and Process Analysis", Polymer Engineering and Science, 42(3), 551-566 (2002).
7. L. Yu, C.G. Koh, L.J. Lee, K.W. Koelling, and M.J. Madou "Experimental Investigation and Numerical Simulation of Injection Molding with Micro-Features", Polymer Engineering and Science, 42(5), 871-888 (2002).
8. L.J. Lee, "BioMEMS and Micro-/Nano-Processing of Polymers- An Overview", Journal of the Chinese Institute of Chemical Engineers, 34(1), 25-46 (2003).
9. S. Lai, S. Wang, L.J. Lee, S.T. Yang and M.J. Madou, "Design of a Compact Disk-like Microfluidic Platform for Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay", Analytical Chemistry, 76(7), 1832-1837 (2004).
10. S. Lai, X. Cao and L.J. Lee, "A Packaging Technique for Polymer Microfluidic Platforms", Analytical Chemistry, 76, 1175-1183 (2004).
11. Y. Yang, C. Zeng and L.J. Lee, "Three-Dimensional Assembly of Polymer Microstructures at Low Temperatures", Advanced Materials, 16(6), 560-564 (2004).
12. H. He, X. Cao and L.J. Lee, "Design of a Hydrogel Based Intelligent System for Controlled Drug Release", Journal of Controlled Release, 95(3), 391-402 (2004).
13. L. Yu, L.J. Lee and K.W. Koelling, "Flow and Heat Transfer Simulation of Injection Molding with Microstructures", Polymer Engineering and Science, 44(10), 1866-1876 (2004).
14. Y. Yang, X. Hu, L.J. Lee and K.W. Koelling, "Structure Evolution in Polymer Blending Using Microfabricated Sample", Polymer, 45(6), 1959-1969 (2004).
15. Y-J. Juang, S. Wang, X. Hu and L.J. Lee, "Dynamics of Single Polymers in a Stagnation Flow Induced by Electrokinetics", Physical Review Letters, 93, 268105 (2004). {January 10, 2005 issue of Virtual Journal of Nanoscale Science and Technology, Volume 11, Issue 1.}{January 1, 2005 issue of Virtual Journal of Biological Physics Research, Volume 9, Issue 1.}
16. Y. Yang, S. Basu, D.L. Tomasko, L.J. Lee and S.T. Yang, "Fabrication of Well-defined PLGA Scaffolds Using Novel Microembossing and Carbon Dioxide Bonding", Biomaterials, 26(15), 2585-2594 (2005).
17. K. Kang, L.J. Lee and K.W. Koelling, "High Shear Microfluidics and Its Application in Rheological Measurement", Experiments in Fluids, 38, 222-232 (2005).
18. S. Wang, C. Zeng, S. Lai, Y.J. Juang, Y. Yang and L.J. Lee, "Polymeric Nanonozzle Array Fabricated by Sacrificial Template Imprinting", Advanced Materials, 17, 1182-1186 (2005).
19. **** C. Lu, Y-J. Juang, L.J. Lee, D. Grewell and A. Benatar, "Analysis of Laser/IR-Assisted Micro-embossing", Polymer Engineering and Science, 45(5), 661-668 (2005).
20. G. Xu, L. Yu, L.J. Lee and K.W. Koelling, "Experimental and Numerical Studies of Injection Molding with Microfeatures", Polymer Engineering and Science, 45, 866-875 (2005).
21. Y. Yang, L.J. Lee, and W. Lu, "Subcritical Carbon Dioxide Assisted Polymer Nanofabrication at Low Temperatures", Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B, 23(6), 3202 (2005) {December 19, 2005 issue of Virtual Journal of Nanoscale Science & Technology}.
22. C. Zeng, S. Wang, and L.J. Lee, "Dynamic Assembly of Silica for Fabrication of Nanoscale Polymer Channels", Materials Letters, 59, 3095-3098 (2005).
23. L. Li and L.J. Lee "Photopolymerization of HEMA/DEGDMA Hydrogels in Solution", Polymer, 46(25), 11540-11547 (2005).
24. J. Guan, H. He, L.J. Lee and D.J. Hansford, "Self-Folding of Hydrogel Three Dimensional Hydrogel Microstructures", Journal of Physical Chemistry B: Condensed Matter, Materials Surfaces, Interfaces, and Biophysics, 109(49), 23134-23137 (2005).
25. Y-J Juang, X. Hu, S. Wang, C. Lu , L.J. Lee and J. Guan, "Electrokinetic Interactions in Microscale Cross-slot Flow", Applied Physical Letters, 87, 244105 (2005) {December 15, 2005 issue of Virtual Journal of Biological Physics Research, and the December 26, 2005 issue of Virtual Journal of Nanoscale Science & Technology}.
26. J. Guan and L. J. Lee, "Generating Highly Ordered DNA Nanostrand Arrays", Proceedings of National Academy of Science, 102(51), 18321-18325 (2005).
27. X. Hu, Z. Ding and L.J. Lee, "Simulation of 2D Transient Viscoelastic Flow Using the CONFESSIT Approach", Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, 127, 107-122 (2005).
28. L.J. Lee, "Polymer Nanoengineering for Biomedical Applications", Annals of Biomedical Engineering, (34)1, 75-88 (2006).
29. H. He, J. Guan, L.J. Lee and D.J. Hansford, "An Oral Delivery Device Based on Self-Folding Hydrogels", Journal of Controlled Release, 110, 339-346 (2006).
30. H. He, L. Li and L. J. Lee, "Photopolymerization and Structure Formation of Methacrylic Acid Based Hydrogels in Water/Ethanol Mixture", Polymer, 47, 1612-1619 (2006).
31. K. Kang, L.J. Lee and K.W. Koelling, "Microdevice End Pressure Evaluations with Bagley Correction", Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, 2(3), 223-235 (2006).
32. J. Guan, N. Ferrell, L.J. Lee and D.J. Hansford, ""Fabrication of Polymeric Microparticles for Drug Delivery by Soft Lithography," Biomaterials, 27, 4034-4041 (2006).
33. X. Hu, S. Wang, Y-J Juang and L.J. Lee, "Five-cross Microfluidic Network Design Free of Coupling between Electrophoretic Motion and Electro-osmotic Flow", Applied Physical Letters, 89, 084101 (2006) {September 4, 2006 issue of Virtual Journal of Nanoscale Science & Technology}.
34. Y. Bai, C. G. Koh, M. Boreman, Y-J Juang, I-C Tang, L.J. Lee, and S-T Yang, "Surface Modification for Enhancing Antibody Binding on Polymer-Based Microfluidic Device for Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ", Langmuir; 22(22), 9458 – 9467 (2006).
35. H.C. Jung, W. Lu, S. Wang, L.J. Lee, and X. Hu, "Etching of Pyrex Glass Substrates by ICP-RIE for Micro/Nanofluidic Devices", Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, 24(6), 3162-3164 (2006).
36. D.F. Farson, H.W. Choi, C. Lu, and L.J. Lee, "Femtosecond Laser Bulk Micromachining of Microfluid Channels in Poly(methyl methacrylate)", Journal of Laser Applications, 18(3), 210-215, (2006).
37. Y. Yang, Y. Xie, X. Kang, L.J. Lee and D.A. Kniss, "Assembly of Three-dimensional Polymeric Constructs Containing Cells/Biomolecules Using Carbon Dioxide ", Journal of American Chemical Society, 128(43), 14040-14041 (2006).
38. ^ Y. Yang, D. Liu, L.J. Lee, and D.L. Tomasko, "Low Temperature Fusion of Polymeric Nanostructures Using Carbon Dioxide", Advanced Materials, 19(2), 251-254 (2007).
39. Y. Yang, M-C Cheng, X. Hu, D. Liu, R. J. Goyette, L.J. Lee, R. Goyette, and M. Ferrari, "Low-Pressure Carbon Dioxide Enhanced Polymer Chain Mobility below the Bulk Glass Transition Temperature", Macromolecules, 40(4), 1108-1111 (2007).
40. X. Kang, Y. Xie, H.M. Powell, L.J. Lee, M.A. Belury, J.J. Lannutti and D.A. Kniss, "Adipogenesis of Murine Embryonic Stem Cells in a Three-Dimensional Culture System Using Electrospun Polymer Scaffolds", Biomaterials, 28(3), 450-458 (2007).
41. S. Wang and L.J. Lee, "Dynamic Assembly by Electrokinetic Microfluidics", Journal of American Chemical Society, 129(2), 254-255 (2007).
42. C. Lu, Y. Xie, M-C Cheng, Y. Yang, C-G Koh, L.J. Lee and Y-J Juang, "New Valving and Bonding Methods for Microfluidic Biochips Containing Proteins", Analytical Chemistry, 79(3), 994-1001 (2007).
43. T.B. Stachowiak^, D.A. Mair, T. G. Holden^, L.J. Lee, F. Svec and J.M.J. Fréchet, "Hydrophilic Surface Modification of Cyclic Olefin Copolymer Microfluidic Chips Using Sequential Photografting", Journal of Separation Science, 30, 1088-1093 (2007).
44. J. Guan, B. Yu and L.J. Lee, "Forming Highly Ordered Arrays of Functionalized Polymer Nanowires by Dewetting on Micropillars", Advanced Materials, 19, 1212-1217 (2007).
45. C. Lu, M-C Cheng, A. Benatar and L.J. Lee, "Embossing of High-Aspect-Ratio-Microstructures Using Sacrificial Templates and Fast Surface Heating", Polymer Engineering & Science, 47(6), 830-840 (2007).
46. J. Guan, H. He, L.J. Lee and D.J. Hansford, "Fabrication of Particulate Reservoir-Containing, Capsule-Like, and Self-Foldable Polymer Microstructures for Drug Delivery", Small, 3, 412-418 (2007).
47. N-R Chiou, C. Lu, J. Guan, L.J. Lee and A.J. Epstein, "Growth and Alignment of Polyaniline Nanofibres with Superhydrophobic, Superhydrophilic and Other Properties", Nature Nanotechnology, 2, 354-357 (2007).
48. Z. Fei, S. Wang, Y. Xie, B. Henslee and L.J. Lee, "Transgene Delivery to Mammalia Cells Using Membrane Sandwiched Electroporation’, Analytical Chemistry, 79(15), 5719-5722 (2007).
49. N-R Chiou, L.J. Lee and A.J. Epstein, "Self-assembled Polyaniline Nanofibers/Nanotubes", Chemistry of Materials, 19, 3589-3591 (2007).
50. N-R. Chiou, C. Lu, J. Guan, L.J. Lee, A.J. Epstein, "Synthesis and Applications of Aligned Polyaniline and Polypyrrole Nanofibers", Polymer Preprints, 48, 121-122, (2007).
51. J. Guan, N. Ferrell, B. Yu, D.J. Hansford and L.J. Lee, "Simultaneous Fabrication of Hybrid Arrays of Nanowires and Micro/Nanoparticles by Dewetting on Micropillars", Soft Matter, 3(11), 1369-1371 (2007).
52. H. He, L. Li and L.J. Lee, "Photopolymerization and Structure Formation of Methacrylic Acid Based Hydrogels: the Effect of Light Intensity", Reactive and Functional Polymers, 68(1), 103-113 (2007).
53. X. Pan, J. Guan, J-W Yoo, A.J. Epstein, L.J. Lee and R.J. Lee, "Cationic Lipid Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles Associated with Transferrin for Gene Delivery", International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 358, 263-270 (2008).
54. P. Pradhan, J. Guan, D. Lu, P. G. Wang, L.J. Lee and R.J. Lee, "A Facile Microfluidic Method for Production of Liposomes", Anticancer Research, 28, 943-948 (2008).
55. R. Lapalombella, X. Zhao, G. Triantafillou, B. Yu, Y. Lin, G. Lozanski, C. Cheney, N. Heerema, D. Jarjoura, A. Lehman, L.J. Lee, R. Lee , M.A. Caligiuri, N. Muthusamy and J.C. Byrd, "A Novel Raji-Burkitt’s Lymphoma Model for Preclinical and Mechanistic Evaluation of CD52-Targeted Immunotherapeutic Agents", Clinical Cancer Research, 14, 569-578 (2008).
56. N-R. Chiou, L.J. Lee, A.J. Epstein, "Porous Membrane Controlled Polymerization of Nanofibers of Polyaniline and Its Derivatives", Journal of Materials Chemistry, 18, 2085-2089 (2008).
57. S. Wang and L.J. Lee, "Flow-Guided Dynamic Assembly", ChemPhysChem, 9, 967-973 (2008).
58. S. Wang, X. Hu and L.J. Lee "Electrokinetics Induced Asymmetric Transport in Polymeric Nanonozzles", Lab on a Chip, 8, 573-581 (2008).
59. K. Park, J. Jang, D. Irimia, J. Sturgis, L.J. Lee, P. Robinson, M. Toner and R. Bashir, "Living Cantilever Arrays for Characterization of Mass of Single Live Cells in Fluids", Lab on a Chip, 8, 1034-1041 (2008).
60. X. Zhang, H. He and L.J. Lee, "A Biodegradable, Immunoprotective, Dual Nanoporous Capsule for Cell-Based Therapies", Biomaterials, 29, 4253-4259 (2008).
61. R. Lapalombella, B. Yu, G. Triantafillou, Q. Liu, J. Butchar, G. Lozanski, A. Ramanunni, L. Smith, W. Blum, L. Andritsos, D-S Wang, A. Lehman, C-S Chen, A. Johnson, G. Marcucci, R. Lee, L.J. Lee, N. Muthusamy and J.C. Byrd, "Lenalidomide Down-Regulates the CD20 Antigen and Antagonizes both Direct, Complement, and Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity of Rituximab on Primary Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells", Blood, 112(13), 5180-5189 (2008).
62. A. Yi, D.F. Farson, W. Lu and L.J. Lee, "Overview of Polymer Micro/Nanofabrication for Biomedical Applications", Advances in Polymer Technology, 27(4), 188-198 (2008).
63. X. Yang, C.G. Koh, S. Liu, X. Pan, R. Santhanam, B. Yu, Y. Peng, J. Pang, S. Golan, Y. Talmon, Y. Jin, N. Muthusamy, J.C. Byrd, K.K. Chan, L.J. Lee, G. Marcucci and R.J. Lee, "Transferrin Receptor-Targeted Lipid Nanoparticles for Delivery of an Antisense Oligodeoxyribonucleotide against Bcl-2", Molecular Pharmaceutics, 6, 221-230 (2009).
64. Y. Yuan, H. He, and L.J. Lee, "Protein A-based Immobilization of Antibody onto A Polymeric Microfluidic Device for Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay", Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 102(3), 891-901 (2009).
65. X. Yang, X. Zhao, M.A. Phelps, L. Piao, Q. Liu, D.M. Rozewski, L.J. Lee, G. Marcucci, M.R. Grever, J.C. Byrd, J.T. Dalton and R.J. Lee, "A Novel Liposomal Formulation of Flavopiridol", International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 365, 170-174 (2009).
66. G. Zhai, J. Wu, G. Xiang, W. Mao, B. Yu, H. Li, L. Piao, L.J. Lee and R.J. Lee, "Preparation, Characterization and Pharmacokinetics of Folate Receptor-Targeted Liposomes for Docetaxel Delivery", Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 9, 2155-2161 (2009).
67. H. He, Y. Yuan, W. Wang, N-R Chiou and L.J. Lee, "Design and Testing of a Microfluidic Biochip for Cytokine Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)", Biomicrofluidics, 3, 022401 (2009). {April 15, 2009 issue of Virtual Journal of Biological Physics Research}.
68. B. Yu, X. Zhao, L.J. Lee and R.J. Lee, "Targeted Delivery Systems for Oligonucleotide Therapeutics", American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Journal, 11(1), 195-203 (2009).
69. X. Hu, S. Wang and L.J. Lee, ""Single-Molecule DNA Dynamics in Tapering Contraction-Expansion Microchannels under Electrophoresis", Journal of Physics Review E, 79, 041911 (2009).
70. Y. Xie, Y. Yang, X. Kang, L.J. Lee, and D.A. Kniss, "Assembly of Embryonic Stem Cell/Scaffold Three-Dimensional Constructs Using Carbon Dioxide Assisted Polymer Fusion", Biotechnology Progress, 25(2), 535-542 (2009).
71. C-H Lin, J. Guan, S-W Chau and L.J. Lee, "Experimental and Numerical Analysis of DNA Nanostrand Array Formation by Molecular Combing on Microwell-Patterned Surface", Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 42, 02503 (2009).
72. X. Zhang, Y. Xie, C-G Koh and L. J. Lee, "A Novel 3-D Model for Cell Culture and Tissue Engineering", Biomedical Microdevices, 11, 795-799 (2009).
73. X. Zhang, C.G. Koh, B. Yu, S. Liu, L. Piao, G. Marcucci, R.J. Lee and L.J. Lee, "Transferrin Receptor Targeted Lipopolyplexes for Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotide G3139 in a Murine K562 Xenograft Model", Pharmaceutical Research, 26(6), 1516-1524 (2009).
74. J. Yang, C. Liu, Y. Yang, B. Zhu, L.J. Lee, H. Chen and Y.C. Jean, "Analysis of Polystyrene Surface Properties on Thin Film Bonding Under Carbon Dioxide Pressure Using Nanoparticle Embedding Technique", Journal of Polymer Science, Part B: Polymer Physics, 47, 1535-1542 (2009).
75. S. Wang, X. Zhang, W. Wang, and L.J. Lee, "Semi-continuous Flow Electroporation Chip for High Throughput Transfection on Mammalian Cells", Analytical Chemistry, 81, 4414-4421 (2009).
76. C.G. Koh, X. Kang, Y. Xie, Z. Fei, J. Guan, B. Yu, X. Zhang and L.J. Lee, "Delivery of Polyethylenimine/DNA Complexes Assembled in a Microfluidics Device", Molecular Pharmaceutics, 6(5), 1333-1342 (2009).
77. Y. Wu, B. Yu, A. Jackson, W. Zha, L.J. Lee, B.E. Wyslouzil^, "Coaxial Electrohydrodynamic Spraying: A Novel One-Step Technique To Prepare Oligodeoxynucleotide Encapsulated Lipoplex Nanoparticles", Molecular Pharmaceutics, 6(5), 1371-1379 (2009).
78. C. Yen, H. He, W. Ho, and L.J. Lee, " Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoporous Polycaprolactone Membranes via Thermally- and Nonsolvent-Induced Phase Separations for Biomedical Device Applications", Journal of Membrane Science, 343, 180-188 (2009).
79. X. Wen, H. He and L.J. Lee, "Specific Antibody Immobilization with Biotin-poly(l-lysine)-g-poly(ethylene glycol) and Protein A on Microfluidic Chips", Journal of Immunology Methods, 350, 97-105 (2009).
80. W. Weecharangsan, B. Yu, Y. Zheng, S. Liu, J. Pang, L.J. Lee, G. Marcucci and R. Lee, "Efficient Delivery of Antisense Oligodeoxyribonucleotide G3139 by Human Serum Albumin-coated Liposomes", Molecular Pharmaceutics, 6, 1848-1855 (2009).
81. C.G. Koh, X. Zhang, S. Liu, S. Golan, B. Yu, X. Yang, J. Guan, Y. Jin, Y. Talmon, R. Muthasamy, K.K Chan, J. Bryd, R.J. Lee, G. Marcucci and L.J. Lee, "Delivery of Antisense Oligodeoxyribonucleotide Lipopolyplex Nanoparticles Assembled by Microfluidic Hydrodynamic Focusing", Journal of Controlled Release, 141, 62-69 (2010).
82. Y. Jin, S.J. Liu, B. Yu, S. Golan, C.G. Koh, J.T. Yang, L. Huynh, X.J. Yang, J.X. Pang, N. Muthusamy, K.K. Chan, J.C. Byrd, Y. Talmon, L.J. Lee, R.J. Lee, G. Marcucci, "Targeted Delivery of Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotide by Transferrin Conjugated pH-Sensitive Lipopolyplex Nanoparticles: A Novel Oligonucleotide-Based Therapeutic Strategy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia", Molecular Pharmaceutics, 7(1), 196-206 (2010).
83. Z. Fei, X. Hu, H. Choi, D. Farson and L. J. Lee, "Micro-nozzle Array Enhanced Sandwich Electroporation of Embryonic Stem Cells", Analytical Chemistry, 82(1), 351-358 (2010).
84. L. Li, C. Yang, H. Shi, W-C Liao, H. Huang, L.J. Lee, J. Castro and A. Yi, "Design and Fabrication of an Affordable Polymer Micromixer for Medical and Biomedical Applications", Polymer Engineering and Science, 50, 1594-1604 (2010).
85. L.B. Zimmerman, M.D. Rauscher, J. Ellis, P. Poukany and L.J. Lee, "Nanoimprinting Using Self-assembled Ceramic Nanoislands", Nanotechnology, 21(4), 045304 (2010).
86. Y. Wu, Z. Fei, L.J. Lee and B.E. Wyslouzil, "Coaxial Electro-hydrodynamic Spraying of Plasmid DNA/Polyethylenimine (PEI) for Nonviral Gene Delivery", Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 105, 834 -841 (2010).
87. P. Boukany, O. Hemminger, S-Q Wang and L.J. Lee, "Molecular Imaging of Slip in Entangled DNA Solution", Physical Review Letters, 105(2), 027802 (2010).
88. D. G. Perez; N. Higuita-Castro; S. Sharma; R. Reen; A. F. Palmer; K. Gooch; L.J. Lee; J. Lannutti and D. Hansford, "High Throughput Assembly of Spatially Controlled 3D Cell Clusters on a Micro/Nano Platform", Lab on a Chip, 10, 775-782 (2010).
89. Y. Zheng, B. Yu, W. Weecharangsan, L. Piao, M. Darby, Y. Mao, R. Koynova, X. Yang, H. Li, S. Xu, L.J. Lee, Y. Sugimotoc, R.W. Brueggemeier, R.J. Lee, " Transferrin Conjugated Lipid-coated PLGA Nanoparticles for Targeted Delivery of Aromatase Inhibitor 7α-APTADD to Breast Cancer Cells", International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 390(2), 234-241 (2010).
90. W. Weecharangsan, B. Yu, S. Liu, J. Pang, L.J. Lee, G. Marcucci and R.J. Lee, "Disulfide-linked Liposomes: Effective Delivery Vehicle for Bcl-2 Antisense Oligodeoxyribonucleotide G3139", Anticancer Research, 30, 31-38 (2010).
91. C. Zhou, B. Yu, X. Yang, T. Huo, L.J. Lee, R.F. Barth and R.J. Lee, "Lipid-coated Nano-calcium-phosphate (LNCP) for Gene Delivery", International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 392, 201-208 (2010).
92. X. Huang, R. Caddell, B. Yu, S. Xu, B. Theobald, L.J. Lee and R.J. Lee, "Ultrasound-enhanced Microfluidic Synthesis of Liposomes.", Anticancer Research, 30, 463-466 (2010).
93. C. Yen, H. He, Z. Fei, X. Zhang, L.J. Lee, and W.S. Ho, "Surface Modification of Nanoporous Poly(e -caprolactone) Membrane with Poly(ethylene glycol) to Prevent Biofouling: Part I. Effects of Plasma Power and Treatment Time", International Journal of Polymeric Materials, 59(11), 923-942 (2010).
94. C. Yen, H. He, Z. Fei, X. Zhang, L.J. Lee, and W.S. Ho, "Surface Modification of Nanoporous Poly( -caprolactone) Membrane with Poly(ethylene glycol) to Prevent Biofouling: Part II. Effects of Graft Density and Chain Length", International Journal of Polymeric Materials, 59(11), 943-957 (2010).
95. J. Guan, P.E. Boukany, O. Hemminger, N-R Chiou, W. Zha, M. Cavanaugh and L.J. Lee, "Large Laterally Ordered Nanochannel Arrays from DNA Combing and Imprinting", Advanced Materials, 22, 3997-4001 (2010).
96. S. Wang, X. Zhang, B. Yu, R.J. Lee and L.J. Lee, "Targeted Nanoparticles Enhanced Flow Electroporation of Antisense Oligonucleotides in Leukemia Cells", Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 26(2), 778-783 (2010).
97. J. Xu, K.J. Kwak, L.J. Lee and G. Agarwal, "Lifting and Sorting of Charged Au Nanoparticles by Electrostatic Forces in Atomic Force Microscopy", Small, 6(19), 2105-2108 (2010).
98. L. Li, L.J. Lee, J.M. Castro and A. Yi, "Improving Mixing Efficiency of A Polymer Micromixer by Use of A Plastic Shim Divider," Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 20(3), 035012 (2010).
99. C.H. Lin, J. Guan, S.W. Chau, S.C. Chen and L.J. Lee, "Patterning Nanowire and Micro-/Nanoparticle Array on Micropillar-Structured Surface: Experiment and Modeling", Biomicrofluidics, 4(3), 034103, 1-15 (2010).
100. B. Yu, H.C. Tai, W. Xue, L.J. Lee and R.J. Lee, "Receptor-Targeted Nanocarriers for Therapeutic Delivery to Cancer", Molecular Membrane Biology, 27(7), 286-298 (2010).
101. O. Hemminger, P. Boukany, S. Wang and L.J. Lee, "Flow Visualization of Viscoelastic Flow of Concentrated DNA Solutions through a Microscale 4:1 Planar Contraction Device", Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, 165, 1613-1624 (2010).
102. K.J. Kwak, G. Valincius, W-C Liao, X. Hu, X. Wen, A. Lee, B. Yu, W. Lu, D. Vanderah and L.J. Lee, "Formation and Finite Element Analysis of Tethered Bilayer Lipid Structures", Langmuir, 26(23), 18199-18208 (2010).
103. W-C Liao, N. Watari, S. Wang, X. Hu, R.G. Larson, L.J. Lee "Conformation dependence of DNA electrophoretic mobility in a converging channel," Electrophoresis, 31(16), 2813-2821, (2010).
104. Y.C. Lim, J. Johnson, Z. Fei, Y. Wu, D. Farson, J.J. Lannutti, H. W. Choi and L.J. Lee, "Micropatterning and Characterization of Electrospun Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Gelatin Nanofiber Tissue Scaffolds by Femtosecond Laser Ablation for Tissue Engineering Applications", Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 108 (1), 116-126 (2011).
105. H. He, V. Grignol, V. Karpa, C. Yen, K. Laperle, X. Zhang, N.B. Jones, M.I. Liang, G.B. Lesinski, W. Ho, W.E. Carson, III and L.J. Lee, "Use of a Nanoporous Biodegradable Miniature Device to Regulate Cytokine Release for Cancer Treatment", Journal of Controlled Release, 151, 239-245 (2011).
106. X. Hu, P. Boukany, O. Hemminger and L.J. Lee, "The Use of Microfluidics in Rheology", Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 296, 308-320 (2011).
107. B. Yu, J. Zhu, W. Xue, Y. Wu, X. Huang, L.J. Lee and R.J. Lee, "Microfluidic Assembly of Lipid-Based Oligonucleotide Nanoparticles", Anticancer Research, 31, 771-776 (2011).
108. X. Yang, P. Yong, B, Yu, J. Yu, C. Zhou, Y. Mao, L.J. Lee and R.J. Lee, "A Covalently Stabilized Lipid-Polycation-DNA (sLPD) Vector for Antisense Oligonucleotide Delivery", Molecular Pharmaceutics, 8, 709-715 (2011).
109. B. Henslee, A. Morss, X. Hu, G. Lafyatis and L.J. Lee, "Electroporation Dependence on Cell Size: Optical Tweezers Study", Analytical Chemistry, 83, 3998-4003 (2011).
110. H. Li, L. Piao, B. Yu, B. Yung, W. Zhang, G. Wang, L.J. Lee and R.J. Lee, "Delivery of Calf Thymus DNA to Tumor by Folate Receptor Targeted Cationic Liposomes", Biomaterials, 32, 6614-6620 (2011).
111. X. Wang, B. Yu, Y. Wu, R.J. Lee and L.J. Lee, "Efficient Down-regulation of CDK4 by Novel Lipid Nanoparticle-mediated siRNA Delivery", Anticancer Research, 31, 1619-1626 (2011).
112. Y. Wu, Y-P Ho, Y. Mao, X. Wang, B. Yu, K.W. Leong and L.J. Lee, "Uptake and Intracellular Fate of Multifunctional Nanoparticles: a Comparison between Lipoplexes and Polyplexes via Quantum Dots-FRET", Molecular Pharmaceutics, 8(5), 1662-1668 (2011).
113. Y. Wu, M. Crawford, B. Yu, Y. Mao, S. Nana-Sinkam and L.J. Lee, "MicroRNA Delivery by Cationic Lipoplexes for Lung Cancer Therapy", Molecular Pharmaceutics, 8, 1381-1389 (2011).
114. P. E. Boukany, A. Morss, W-C Liao, B. Henslee, H.C. Jung, X. Zhang, B. Yu, X. Wang, Y. Wu, L. Li, K. Gao, X. Hu, X. Zhao, O. Hemminger, W. Lu, G. Lafyatis and L.J. Lee, "Nanochannel Electroporation Delivers Precise Amounts of Biomolecules into Living Cells ", Nature Nanotechnology, 6, 747-754 (2011), {research highlight in Nature Method, 8, 996-997 (2011)}.
115. H. Li, L. Piao, P. Xu, W. Ye, S. Zhong, S-H Lin, S.K. Kulp, Y. Mao, Y. Cho, L.J. Lee, R.J. Lee and Y.C. Lin, "Liposomes Containing (-)-Gossypol-enriched Cottonseed Oil Suppress Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL Expression in Breast Cancer Cells", Pharmaceutical Research, 28(12):3256-64 (2011).
116. ^^^ C. Zhou, Y. Mao, Y. Sugimoto, N. Kanthamneni, B. Yu, R.W. Brueggemeier, L.J. Lee and R.J. Lee, "SPANosomes as Delivery Vehicles for Small Interfering RNA (siRNA)", Molecular Pharmaceutics, 9(2), 201-10 (2012).
117. Y. Wu, W. Duan, G.A. Otterson, L.J. Lee and S.P. Nana-Sinkam, "miRs as Biomarkers for Survival for Early-Stage Lung Cancer", Personalized Medicine, 9(3), 329-332 (2012).
118. Y. Wu, L. Li, Y. Mao and L.J. Lee, "Static Micromixer - Coaxial Electrospray Synthesis of Theranostic Lipoplexes", ACS Nano, 6(3), 2245-2252 (2012).
119. Y. Zhang, C. Zhou, K. J. Kwak, X. Wang, B. Yung, L. J. Lee, Y. Wang, P. G. Wang and R. J. Lee, "Efficient siRNA Delivery using a Polyamidoamine Dendrimer with a Modified Pentaerythritol Core," Pharmaceutical Research, 29(6), 1627-1636 (2012).
120. M.C. Terp, F. Bauer, Y. Sugimoto, B. Yu, R.W. Brueggemeier, L.J. Lee and R.J. Lee, "Differential Efficacy of DOTAP Enantiomers for siRNA Delivery In Vitro", International Journal of Pharmacy, 430(1-2), 328-334 (2012).
121. F. Wang, H. He and L.J. Lee, "Solid State Synthesis of Patterned PNIPAAm Surface for Cell Capture, Separation and Release", Analytical Chemistry, 84(21), 9439-9445 (2012).
122. F. Yang, X. Zhang, A. Maiseyeu, G. Michai, R. Yasmeen, D. DiSilvestro, K.S., Maurya, M. Periasamy, V. Bergdall, C. Sen, S. Roy, L. J. Lee, S. Rajagopalan, and O. Ziouzenkova, "The Prolonged Survival of Fibroblasts with Forced Lipid Catabolism in Visceral Fat Following Encapsulation in Alginate-poly-L-lysine", Biomaterials, 33(22), 5638-5649 (2012).
123. C. Zhou, Y. Zhang, L.J. Lee and R.J. Lee, "Synthesis and Characterization of Lipoidal Amine-based Nanocarrier Formulations for Small Interfering RNA Delivery", Therapeutic Delivery, 3(6), 715-723 (2012).
124. B. Yu, S-H Hsu, C. Zhou, X. Wang, M. Cavanaugh Terp, Y. Wu, L. Teng, Y. Mao, F. Wang, W. Xue, S.T. Jacob, K. Ghoshal, R.J. Lee and L.J. Lee, "Novel Lipid Nanoparticle Design for Delivery of Small Interfering RNA to Liver and Liver Tumor", Biomaterials, 33, 5924-5934 (2012).
125. K.S. Parikh, S.S. Rao, H.M. Ansari, L.B. Zimmerman, L.J. Lee, S.A. Akbar and J.O. Winter, "Ceramic Nanopatterned Surfaces to Explore the Effects of Nanotopography on Cell Attachment", Materials Science and Engineering C, 32, 2469-2475 (2012).
126. D. Gallego-Perez, N. Higuita-Castro, R.K. Reen, M. Palacio-Ochoa, S. Sharma, L.J. Lee, J.J. Lannutti, D.J. Hansford and K.J. Gooch, "Micro/Nanoscale Technologies for the Development of Hormone-expressing Islet-like Cell Clusters", Biomed. Microdevices, 14, 779-789 (2012).
127. Y. Mao, T. Georgia, E. Hertlein, W. Towns, M. Stefanoski, M. Xiaokui, J. David, M. Phelps, G. Marcucci, L.J. Lee, D. Goldenberg, R.J. Lee, N. Muthusamy and J.C. Byrd, "Milatuzumab-Conjugated Liposomes as Targeted Dexamethasone Carrier for Therapeutic Delivery in CD74+/- Lymphoid Malignancies", Clinic Cancer Research, 19(2), 347-356 (2013).
128. B. Yu, Y. Mao, L. Bai, S. May, A. Ramanunni, Y. Jin, X. Mo, C. Carolyn, K.K. Chan, D. Jarjoura, G. Marcucci, R.J. Lee, J.C. Byrd, L.J. Lee and N. Muthusamy, "Liposomal Targeted Delivery Overcomes Off-target Immunostimulatory Effects of RNA Oligonucleotide", Blood, 121, 136-147 (2013).
129. H. He, E. Luedke, X. Zhang, B. Yu, A. Schmitt, B. McClarren, V. Grignol, W.E. Carson and L.J. Lee, "A Nanoporous Cell-Therapy Device with Controllable Biodegradation for Long-Term Drug Release", Journal of Controlled Release, 165(3), 226-233 (2013).
130. Z. Fei, S. Sharma, Y. Wu, D. G. Perez, J.J. Lannutti, D. Hansford and L.J. Lee, "Gene Delivery by Membrane Sandwich Electroporation of Cells Incubated on Nanofiber Feeder Layer", Analytical Chemistry, 5, 85(3):1401-1407 (2013).
131. C.J. Hickey, S. Schwind, H.S. Radomska, A.M. Dorrance, A.M. Eiring, R. Santhanam, A. Mishra, Y-Z Wu, H. Alachkar, K. Maharry, D. Nicolet, K. Mrózek, A. Walker, S.P. Whitman, H. Becker, D. Perrotti, L-C Wu, R. Baiocchi, X. Zhao, M.A. Caligiuri, J.C. Byrd, T.A. Fehniger, R. Vij, W. Blum, L.J. Lee, C.M. Croce, C.D. Bloomfield, R. Garzon and G. Marcucci, "Lenalidomide-mediated Enhanced Translation of C/EBPα-p30 Protein Upregulates Expression of the Anti-leukemic microRNA-181a in Acute Myeloid Leukemia", Blood, 3, 121(1), 159-169 (2013).
132. S. Wang and L.J. Lee,"Micro-nanofluidics Based Cell Electroporation", Biomicrofluidics, 7, 011301, 1-14 (2013).
133. Y. Wu, M. Crawford, Y. Mao, R.J. Lee, I.C. Davis, T.S. Elton, L.J. Lee and S. Nana-Sinkam, "Therapeutic Delivery of MicroRNA-29b by Cationic Lipoplexes for Lung Cancer", Molecular Therapy, 2:e84 (2013).
134. Y. Wu, M.C. Terp, L.J. Lee, "Surface-Mediated Nucleic Acid Delivery by Lipoplexes Prepared in Microwell Arrays", Small, 9(13), 2358-2367 (2013).
135. A. Mims, A.R. Walker, X. Huang, J. Sun, H. Wang, R. Santhanam, A.M. Dorrance, C. Walker,P. Hoellerbauer, S.S. Tarighat, K.K. Chan, R.B. Klisovic, D. Perrotti, M.A. Caligiuri, J.C. Byrd, C-S Chen,L.J. Lee, S. Jacob, K. Mrózek, C.D. Bloomfield, W. Blum, R. Garzon, S. Schwind, and G. Marcucci, "Increased Anti-leukemic Activity of Decitabine via AR-42-induced Upregulation of miR-29b : A Novel Epigenetic-targeting Approach in Acute Myeloid Leukemia", Leukemia, 27(4), 871-878 (2013).
136. X. Huang, S. Schwind, B. Yu, R. Santhanam, H. Wang, P. Hoellerbauer, A. Mims, R. Klisovic, A.R. Walker, K.K. Chan, W. Blum, D. Perrotti, J.C. Byrd, C.D. Bloomfield, M.A. Caligiuri, R.J. Lee, R. Garzon, N. Muthusamy, L.J. Lee and G. Marcucci, "Targeted Delivery of microRNA-29b by Transferrin Conjugated Anionic Lipopolyplex Nanoparticles: A Novel Therapeutic Strategy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia", Clinical Cancer Research, 19(9), 2275-2292 (2013).
137. M. Zhang, X. Zhou, B. Wang, B.C. Yung, L.J. Lee, K. Ghoshal and R.J. Lee, "Lactosylated Gramicidin-based Lipid Nanoparticles (Lac-GLN) for Targeted Delivery of Anti-miR-155 to Hepatocellular Carcinoma", Journal of Controlled Release, 168(3), 251-261 (2013).
138. W-C Liao, X. Hu, W. Wang, and L.J. Lee, "Simulation of Single DNA Molecule Stretching and Immobilization in a De-wetting Two-phase Flow over Micropillar-patterned Surface", Biomicrofluidics, 7, 034103 (2013).
139. B. Yu, Y. Mao, Y. Yuan, C. Yue, X. Mo, D. Jarjoura, M. Paulaitis, R.J. Lee, J.C. Byrd, L.J. Lee and N. Muthusamy, "Improved Targeted Delivery to B Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells by Anti-CD37 Based Dual-ligand Immunoliposome Nanoparticles", Biomaterials, 34(26), 6185-6193 (2013).
140. S.H. Hsu, B. Yu, X. Wang, R.J. Lee, L.J. Lee, S.T. Jacob and K. Ghoshal, "Cationic Lipid Nanoparticles for Therapeutic Delivery of siRNA and miRNA to Murine Liver Tumor ", Nanomedicine, 9(8), 1169-80 (2013).
141. X. Wang, B. Yu, C. Zhou, Y. He, R.J. Lee and L.J. Lee, "Enhanced Hepatic Delivery of siRNA and microRNA Using Oleic Acid based Lipid Nanoparticle Formulations’, Journal of Controlled Release, 172(3), 690-698 (2013).
142. Y. Wu, K.J. Kwak, K. Agarwal, A. Marras, C. Wang, Y. Mao, X. Huang, J. Ma, B. Yu, R.J. Lee, A. Vachani, G. Marcucci, J.C. Byrd, N. Muthusamy, K. Huang, C.E. Castro, M. Paulaitis, S.P. Nana-Sinkam and L.J. Lee, "Detection of Extracellular RNAs in Cancer and Viral Infection by Tethered Cationic Lipoplex Nanoparticles", Analytical Chemistry, 85(23), 11265-11274 (2013).
143. K. Gao, K. Hinkle, L. Li, L. He, Y. Wu, J. Ma, L. Chang, X. Zhao, D. Gallego-Perez, S. Eckardt, J. McLaughlin, B. Liu, D.F. Farson and L.J. Lee, "Design of a Microchannel-Nanochannel-Microchannel Array Based Nanoelectroporation System for Precise Gene Transfection", Small, 10(5), 1015-1023 (2014).
144. P.E. Boukany, Y. Wu, X. Zhao, K.J. Kwak, P.J. Glazer, K. Leong and L.J. Lee, "Nonendocytic Delivery of Lipoplex Nanoparticles into Living Cells Using a Nanochannel Electroporation", Advanced Healthcare Materials, 3(5), 682-689 (2014).
145. L. Chen, A. Charrier, Y. Zhou, R. Chen, B. Yu, K. Agarwal, H. Tsukamoto, L.J. Lee, M.E. Paulaitis and D.R. Brigstock, "Epigenetic Regulation of Connective Tissue Growth Factor by MicroRNA-214 Delivery in Exosomes from Mouse or Human Hepatic Stellate Cells", Hepatology, 59(3), 1118-1129 (2014).
146. B. Binjawadagi, V. Dwivedi, C. Manickam, K. Ouyang, Y. Wu, L.J. Lee, J.M. Torrelles and G.J. Renukaradhya, "Adjuvanted poly(lactic-co-glycolic) Acid Nanoparticle-entrapped Inactivated Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Vaccine Elicits Cross-protective Immune Response in Pigs", International Journal of Medicine, 9, 679-694 (2104).
147. Y. Mao, J. Wang, Y. Zhao, R. Yan, H. Li, C-S Chen, R. J. Lee, J.C. Byrd, L.J. Lee, N. Muthusamy and M.A. Phelps, "Quantification of OSU 2S, a Novel Derivative of FTY720, in Mouse Plasma by Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry", Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 98, 160-165 (2014).
148. Y. Mao, J. Wang, Y. Zhao, Y. Wu, K.J. Kwak, C.S. Chen, J.C. Byrd, R.J. Lee, M.A. Phelps, L.J. Lee and N. Muthusamy, "A Novel Liposomal Formulation of FTY720 (Fingolimod) for Promising Enhanced Targeted Delivery", Nanomedicine, 10, 393-400 (2014).
149. C. Gupta, W.C. Liao, D. Gallego-Perez, C.E. Castro and L.J. Lee, "DNA Translocation through Nanochannels under Asymmetric Pulsed Electric Field", Biomicrofluidics, 8, 024114 (2014).
150. B. Yu, X. Wang, C. Zhou, L. Teng, W. Ren, Z. Yang, C-H Shih, T. Wang, R.J. Lee, S. Tang and L.J. Lee, "Insight into Mechanisms of Cellular Uptake of Lipid Nanoparticles and Intracellular Release of Small RNAs", Pharm. Research, 31, 2685–2695 (2014).
151. X. Wang, X. Huang, Z. Yang, D. Gallego-Perez, J. Ma, X. Zhao, J. Xie, I. Nakano and L.J. Lee, "Targeted Delivery of Tumor Suppressor MicroRNA-1 by Transferrin-conjugated Lipopolyplex Nanoparticles to Patient-derived Glioblastoma Stem Cells", Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 15, 839-846 (2014).
152. B.E. Henslee, A. Morss, X. Hu, G.P. Lafyatis, and L.J. Lee, "Cell-Cell Proximity Effects in Multi-Cell Electroporation", Biomicrofluidics, 8, 052002 (2014).
153. R. Mani, Y. Mao, F. Frissora, C-L Chiang, J. Wang, Y. Zhao, Y. Wu, B. Yu, R. Yan, X. Mo, L. Yu, J. Flynn, J. Jones, L. Andritsos, S. Baskar, C. Rader, M. Phelps, C-S Chen, R.J. Lee, J.C. Byrd, L.J. Lee and N. Muthusamy, "Tumor Antigen ROR1 Targeted Drug Delivery Mediated Selective Leukemic But Not Normal B Cell Cytotoxicity in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia", Leukemia, 15 July 2014; doi:10.1038/leu.2014.199 (2014).
154. L. Chang, M. Howdyshell , W-C Liao, C-L Chiang, D. Gallego-Perez, Z. Yang, J.C. Byrd, N. Muthusamy, W. Lu, L.J. Lee and R. Sooryakumar, "Magnetic Tweezers-based 3D Micro-channel Electroporation for Efficient Cell Manipulation and High-Throughput Gene Transfection", Small, 11(15), 1818-1828 (2015).
155. X. Wang, H. He, Y. Lu, W. Ren, K-Y Teng, C-L Chiang, Z. Yang, B. Yu, S. Hsu, S.T. Jacob, K. Ghoshal and L.J Lee, "Indole-3-carbinol inhibits tumorigenicity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via suppression of microRNA-21 and upregulation of phosphatase and tensin homolog", Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1853, 244-253 (2015).
156. X. Zhao, Y. Wu D. Gallego-Perez, K.J. Kwak, C. Gupta, X. Ouyang and L.J. Lee, "Non-Endocytic Uptake of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube Exhibits High Toxicity to Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells", Analytical Chemistry, 87, 3208-3215 (2015).
157. Y. Wu, J. Ma, P Woods, N. Chesarino, L.J. Lee, S.P. Nana-Sinkam and I.C. Davis, DVM, "Selective Targeting of Alveolar Type II Respiratory Epithelial Cells by Anti-surfactant Protein-C Antibody-conjugated Lipoplexes", J. Controlled Release, 203, 140-149 (2015).
158. A. Pulliero, Y. Wu, D. Fenoglio, A. Parodi, M. Romani, C.P. Soares, G. Filaci, L.J. Lee, P. Nana-Sinkam and I. Zzotti, "Nanoparticles Increase the Efficacy of Cancer Chemopreventive Agents in Cells Exposed to Cigarette Smoke Condensate", Carciogenesis, 36(3), 368-377 (2015).
159. J. Khalife, H. Radomska, R. Santhanam, X. Huang, P. Neviani, J. Saultz, H. Wang, Y-Z Wu, H. Alachkar, M. Anghelina, A. Dorrance, J. Curfman, C. Bloomfield, B. Medeiros, D. Perrotti, L.J. Lee, R.J. Lee, M. Caligiuri, F. Pichiorri, C. Croce, R. Garzon, M. Guzman, J. Mendler and G. Marcucci, "Pharmacological Targeting of miR-155 via the NEDD8-Activating Enzyme Inhibitor MLN4924 (Pevonedistat) in Acute Myeloid Leukemia", Leukemia, 29(10), 1981-1992 (2015).
160. P.E. Boukany, S.Q. Wang, S. Ravindranath and L.J. Lee, "Shear Banding in Entangled Polymers in the Micron Scale Gap: a Confocal-Rheoscopic Study", Soft Matter., 11(41), 8058-8068 (2015).
161. H. Li, S. Xu, Q. Shan, Yung, J. pang, M. Zhang, S. Liu, R. Muthusamy, K. Chan, J.C. Byrd, L.J. Lee, G. Marcucci and R.J. Lee, "CD33-targeted Lipid Nanoparticles (aCD33LNs) for Therapeutic Delivery of GTI-2040 to Acute Myelogenous Leukemia", Molecular Pharmaceutics, 12(6), 2010-2018 (2015).
162. P. Bertani, W. Lu, L. Chang, D. Gallego-Perez and L.J. Lee, "Bosch Etching for the Creation of a 3D Nano-Electroporation System for High Throughput Gene Delivery", Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology, B 33, 06F903 (2015).
163. Z. Yang, L. Chang, C-L Chiang and L.J. Lee, "Micro-/Nanochannel Electroproation for Active Gene Delivery: from Bench to Bedside", Current Pharmaceutical Design, 21(42), 6081-6088 (2015).
164. L. Chang, D. Gallego-Perez, X. Zhao, Z. Yang, C-L Chang, V. Malkoc, J. Shi, C.K. Sen, L. Odonnell, J. Yu, W. Lu and L.J. Lee, "Dielectrophoresis-assisted 3D Nanoelectroporation for Non-viral Cell Transfection in Adoptive Immunotherapy", Lab-on-a-Chip, 15, 3147 - 3153 (2015).
165. L. Rogers, M. Robbins, D. Dakhlallah, Z. Yang, L.J. Lee, M. Mikhail, G. Nuovo, G. Pryhuber, C. Marsh and T. Tipple, "MicroRNA-17~92 Cluster Expression is Attenuated in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia", Ann Am Thorac. Soc., 12(10), 1506-1513 (2015).
166. X. Zhao, X. Huang, X. Wang, Y. Wu, A.K. Eisfeld, S. Schwind, P.E. Boukany, D. Gallego-Perez, G.I. Marcucci and L.J. Lee, "Nanochannel Electroporation as a Platform for Living Cell Interrogation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia", Advanced Science, 2, 1500111 (2015).
167. Y. Wu, D. Gallego-Perez and L.J. Lee, "Microwell Aarray-mediated Delivery of Lipoplexes Containing Nucleic Acids for Enhanced Therapeutic Efficacy", Methods Mol. Biol., 1218, 131-142 (2015).
168. R. Mani, C-L Chiang, F.W. Frissora, R. Yan, X. Mo, S. Baskar, C. Rader, R. Klisovic, M.A. Phelps, C-S Chen, R.J. Lee, J.C. Byrd, R. Baiocchi, L.J. Lee and R. Muthusamy, "ROR1 Targeted Delivery of OSU-2S, a Non-immunosuppressive FTY720 Derivative Exerts Potent Cytotoxicity in Mantle Cell Lymphoma In-vitro and In-vivo" Experimental Hematology, 43(9), 770-774 (2015).
169. L. Chang, P. Bertani, D. Gallego-Perez, Z. Yang, F. Chen, C-L Chang, V. Malkoc, T. Kuang, K. Gao, L.J. Lee and W. Lu, "3D Nanochannel Electroporation for High-throughput Cell Transfection with High Uniformity and Dosage Control", Nanoscale, 8(1), 243-252 (2016).
170. K. Gao, X. Huang, X. Wang, P.E. Boukany, G. Marcucci and L.J. Lee, "Analysis of Mcl-1 Induced Apoptosis in Wild Type and FLT3-ITD Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells by Nanoelectroporation and Single Cell qRT-PCR", Molecular Therapy, 24(5), 956-64 (2016).
171. S-H Kim, R. Ezhilarasan, R. Chhipa, J. Wang, E. Phillips, A. Sparks, D. Taylor, D. Gallego-Perez, E.P. Sulman, V. Goidts, L.J. Lee, D. Guttridge, B. DasGupta, K. Bhat, J. Walker and I. Nakano, "Serine/Threonine Kinase MLK4 Determines Mesenchymal Identity in Glioma Stem Cells in an NF-kB-dependent Manner", Cancer Cell, 29, 201-213 (2016).
172. D. Gallego-Perez, J.J. Otero, C. Czeisler, J. Ma, C. Ortiz, P. Gygli, F.P. Catacutan, H.N. Gokozan, A. Cowgill, T. Sherwood, S. Ghatak, V. Malkoc, X. Zhao, W-C Liao, S. Gnyawali, X. Wang, A.F. Adler, K. Leong, B. Wulff, T.A. Wilgus, C. Askwith, S. Khanna, C. Rink, C.K. Sen, L.J. Lee, "Deterministic Transfection Drives Efficient Nonviral Reprogramming and Uncovers Reprogramming Barriers", Nanomedicine, 12, 399-409 (2016).
173. L. Chang, J. Hu, F. Chen, Z. Chen, J. Shi, Z. Yang, Y. Li and L.J. Lee, "Nanoscale Bio-Platforms for Living Cell Interrogation: Current Status and Future Perspectives, Nanoscale, 8(6), 3181-3206 (2016).
174. D.J. DiSilvestro, E. Melgar-Bermudez, R. Yasmeen, P. Fadda, L.J. Lee, A. Kalyanasundaram, C.L. Gilor and O. Ziouzenkova^, "Leptin Production by Encapsulated Adipocytes Increases Brown Fat, Decreases Resistin, and Improves Glucose Intolerance in Obese Mice", PLoS One, 11(4), e0153198 (2016).
175. L.J. Lee, Z. Yang, M. Rahman, J. Ma, K.J. Kwak, J. McElory, K. Shilo, C. Goparaju, L. Yu, W. Rom, T-K Kim, X. Wu, Y. He, K. Wang, H.I. Pass and S.P. Nana-Sinkam, "Extracellular mRNA Detected by Tethered Lipoplex Nanoparticle Biochip for Biomarker Development in Lung Cancer", American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 193(12), 1431-1433 (2016).
176. Z. Chen, A. Zhang, Z. Yang, X. Wang, L. Chang, Z. Chen and L.J. Lee, "Application of DODMA and Derivatives in Cationic Nanocarriers for Gene Delivery", Current Organic Chemistry, 20(17), 1813-1819, (2016).
177. L. Chang, L. Li, J. Shi, Y. Shen, W. Lu, D. Gallego-Perez and L.J. Lee, "Micro-/nanoscale Electroporation", Lab on a Chip, 16(21), 4047-4062 (2016).
178. D. Gallego-Perez, L. Chang, C.L. Chiang, P. Bertani, T. Kuang, Y. Sheng, F. Chen, Z. Chen, J. Shi, H. Yang, X. Huang, V. Malkoc, W. Lu and L.J. Lee, "Controllable Large-Scale Transfection of Primary Mammalian Cardiomyocytes on a Nanochannel Array Platform" Small, 12(43), 5971-5980 (2016).
179. L. Rems, D. Kawale, L.J. Lee, and P. Boukany, "Flow of DNA in Micro/Nanofluidics: from Fundamentals to Applications", Biomicrofluidics, 20;10(4):043403 (2016).
180. Z. Yang, L. Chang, J. Xie, J. Zhu, C. Chiang, C. Kang, X. Wang, W. Sun, T. Kuang, F. Chen, Z. Chen, J. Hu, A. Zhang, B. Yu, Y. Li, Y. Huang, L. Jin, R.J. Lee, L. Teng and L.J. Lee, "Functional Extracellular Vesicle-mimic for Delivery of siRNA to Cancer Cells", J. Controlled Release, 243, 160-171 (2016).
181. D. Gallego-Perez, L. Chiang, J. Shih, J. Ma, S. Kim, X. Zhao, X. Wang, P. Mao, K.J. Kwak, Y. Wu, L. Wu, G. Lafyatis, D.J. Hansford, I. Nakano, and L.J. Lee, "On-chip Clonal Analysis of Oligo RNAs on Glioma Stem Cell Motility and Drug Resistance", Nano Letters, 16(9), 5326-5332 (2016).
182. S-Q Gu, D. Gallego-Perez, S.P. McClory, J. Shi, J. Han, L.J. Lee and D.R. Schoenberg, "Stimulation of Breast Cancer Cell Motility by Endonuclease-mediated Downregulation of MiR-200 Family MicroRNAs", Nucleic Acid Research, DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw497 (2016).
183. S. Baldwin, C. Deighan, E. Bandeira, K.J. Kwak, M. Rahmanf, P. Nana-Sinkam, L.J. Lee and M. E. Paulaitis, "Analyzing the miRNA Content of Extracellular Vesicles by Fluorescence Nanoparticle Tracking", Nanomedicine, (16), 30183-30186 (2016).
184. X. Huang, S. Schwind, R. Santhanam, A-K Eisfeld, C-L Chiang, B. Yu, P. Hoellerbauer, A. Dorrance, Y. Jin, S.S. Tarighat, J. Khalife, A. Walker, K.K. Chan, M. Caligiuri, D. Perrotti, N. Muthusamy, C.D. Bloomfield, R. Garzon, R.J. Lee, L.J. Lee and G. Marcucci, "Targeting the RAS/MAPK Pathway with miR-181a in Acute Myeloid Leukemia", Oncotarget, DOI: 10.18632 (2016).
185. D. Gallego-Perez, D. Pal, S. Ghatak, V. Malkoc, S. Gnyawali, L. Chang, W-C Liao, J. Shi, M. Sinha1, E. Steen, A. Sunyecz, R. Stewart, M. Homsy, W. Lu, S. Khanna, C. Rink, J. Otero, L.J. Lee and C.K. Sen, "Topical Tissue Nano-transfection Mediates Non-viral Stroma Reprogramming and Rescue", Nature Nanotechnology, 12, 974–979 (2017).
186. J. Hu, Y. Sheng, K.J. Kwak and L.J. Lee, "A Signal-amplifiable Biochip Quantifies Extracellular RNAs for Early Cancer Detection", Nature Communication, 8, 1683 (2017).
187. K. Yang, C. Adin, L.J. Lee, J.L. Yu, P. Fadda, A. Samogyi, C. Gilor and O. Ziouzenkova, "Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1a1 (Aldh1a1) Regulates Energy Metabolism in Adipocytes from Different Species", Xenotransplantation, DOI: 10.1111/xen.12318. (2017).
188. M. Negrini, L. D'Abundo, E. Callegari, A. Bresin, A. Chillemi, B. Elamin, P. Guerriero, X. Huang, E. Saccenti, E. Hussein, F. Casciano, P. Secchiero, G. Zauli, G. Calin, G. Russo, L.J. Lee, C. Croce, G. Marcucci, S. Sabbioni, and F. Malavasi "Anti-leukemic Activity of MicroRNA-26a in a Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Mouse Model", Oncotarget, 36(47):6617-6626 (2018).
189. H. Sadahiro, K-D Kang, S. Yamaguchi, M. Minata, J. Wang, J. Shi, L.A. Norian, E.W. Newell, D. Hambardzumyan, B. DasGupta, M. Nakada, L.J. Lee, B. Nabors and I. Nakano, "Activation of the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase AXL Mediates the Immune Microenvironment in Glioblastoma", Cancer Research, 78(11):3002-3013 (2018).
190. Q. Shen, R. Yasmeen, J. Marbourg, L. Xu, L. Yu, P. Fadda, A. Flechtner, L.J. Lee, P.G. Popovich and Q. Ziouzenkova, "Induction of Innervation by Encapsulated Adipocytes with Engineered Vitamin A Metabolism", Translational Research, 192, 1–14 (2018).
191. X. Wang, K.J. Kwak, Z. Yang, A. Zhang, J. Hu, X. Zhang, R. Sullivan, D. Lin, R.J. Lee, C. Castro, K. Ghoshal, C. Schmidt and L.J. Lee, "Extracellular mRNA Detected by Molecular Beacons in Tethered Lipoplex Nanoparticles for Diagnosis of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma", PLoS One, 13(6):e0198552 (2018).
192. J. Hu, K.J. Kwak, Y. Sheng and L.J. Lee," Overhang Molecular Beacons Encapsulated in Tethered Cationic Lipoplex Nanoparticles for Detection of Single-point Mutation in Extracellular Vesicle-associated RNAs", Biomaterials, 183:20-29 (2018).
193. M.S. Pavlyukov, M. Minata, J. Shi, D. Chen, J. Wang, A. Mohyledin, S. Komarova, J. Wang, S-H Kim, V.O. Shender, E.G. Evtushenko, N.V. Antipova, N.B. Pestov, M.I. Shakhparonov, L.J. Lee and I. Nakano, "Apoptotic Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promote Malignancy of Glioblastoma Via Intercellular Transfer of Splicing Factors", Cancer Cell, 34(1):119-135 (2018).
194. J. Zhou, K.J. Kwakc Z. Wu, D. Yang, J. Li, M. Chang, Y. Song, H. Zeng, L.J. Lee, J. Hu and C. Bai, "PLAUR Confers Resistance to Gefitinib Through EGFR/P-AKT/Survivin Signaling Pathway", Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry, 47, 1909-1924 (2018).
195. C-L Chiang, S. Goswami, F. Frissora, Z. Xie, P Yan, R. Bundschuh, L. Walker, X. Huang, R. Mani, X. Mo, S. Baskar, C. Rader, M. Phelps, G. Marcucci, J. Byrd, L.J. Lee, and N. Muthusamy, "ROR1-targeted Delivery of miR-29b Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Therapeutic Benefit in vivo in CLL Mouse Model", Blood, 134, 432-444 (2019).
196. M. Minata, A. Audia, J. Shi, S. Lu, J. Bernstock, M.S. Pavlyukov, A. Das, S-H Kim, Y.J. Shin, Y. Lee, H. Koo, K. Snigdha, I. Waghmare, X. Guo, A. Mohyeldin, D. Gallego-Perez, J. Wang, D. Chen, P. Cheng, F. Mukheef, M. Contreras, J.F. Reyes, B. Vaillant, E.P. Sulman, S-Y Cheng, J.M. Markert, B.A. Tannous, X. Liu, M. Kango-Singh, L.J. Lee, D-H Nam, I. Nakano and K.P. Bhat, "Phenotypic Plasticity of Invasive Edge Glioma Stem-like Cells in Response to Ionizing Radiation", Cell Reports, 26(7), 1893-1905.e7 (2019).
197. C. Gilor, K. Yang, A. Lee, N.J. Song, P. Fadda, C. Adin, C. Herbert, R. Jennings, K. Ham, L.J. Lee, and O. Ziouzenkova, "Thermogenic Crosstalk Occurs Between Adipocytes from Different Species", Scientific Reports, 9(1), 15177 (2019).
198. Y. Sheng, J. H, J. Shi and L.J. Lee, " Stimuli-responsive Carriers for Controlled Intracellular Drug Release", Curr Med Chem, 26(13), 2377-2388 (2019).
199. Z. Yang, J. Shi, J. Xie, Y. Chen, J. Sun, T. Liu, Y. Zhao, X. Zhao, X. Wang, Y. Ma, V. Malkoc, C-L Chiang, Y. Fu, K.Joo Kwak, Y. Fan, C. Kang, C. Yin, J. Rhee, P. Bertani, J. Otero, W. Lu, A.S. Lee, W. Jiang, L. Teng, B.Y.S. Kim and L.J. Lee, "Large-Scale Generation of Functional mRNA Containing Exosomes via Cellular Nanoporation", Nature Biomedical Engineering, 4, 69-83 (2020).
200. Q. Shen, R. Yasmeen, J. Marbourg, X. Lu, J. L. Yu, P. Faddo, A. Flechtner, T. Tchkonia, J.L. Kirkland, L.J. Lee, P. G. Popovich and O. Ziouzenkova, "Axon Guiding Secretome of Adipocytes Regulates Innervation of Adipose Tissue", PLoS One, (2020).
201. Z. Dong, Y. Jiao, B. Xie, Y. Hao, P. Wang, Y. Liu, J. Shi, C. Chitrakar, S. Black, Y-C Wang, L.J. Lee, M. Li, Y. Fan and L. Chang, "On-Chip Multiplexed Single-Cell Patterning and Controllable Intracellular Delivery", Microsystem Nanoengineering, 6(1), 2 (2020).
202. M. Chan, M., L.J. Lee and M. Hsiao, "Exosome‐Encapsulated Persistent Luminescence Nanoparticles Enabled Medicinal Product‐Based Drug Delivery System", The FASEB Journal, 34: 1-1 (2020).
203. S. Bastola, M.S. Pavlyukov, D. Yamashita, S. Ghosh, H. Cho, N. Kagaya, Z. Zhang, M. Minata, Y. Lee, H. Sadahiro, S. Yamaguchi, S. Komarova, E. Yang, J. Markert, L.B. Nabors, K. Bhat, L.J. Lee, Q. Chen, D.K. Crossman, K. Shin-Ya, D-H Nam, and I. Nakano, "Glioma-Initiating Cells at Tumor Edge Gain Signals from Tumor Core Cells to Promote Their Malignancy", Nature Communications, 11(1), 4660 (2020).
204. J. Zhang, L. TH Nguyen, R. Hickey, N. Walters, X. Wang, K.J. Kwak, L.J. Lee, A.F. Palmer and E. Reátegui, "Imunomagnetic Sequential Ultrafiltration (iSUF) Platform for Enrichment and Purification of Extracellular Vesicles from Biofluids", Scientific Reports, accepted.

Polymer Nanocomposites/Foams/Supercritical CO₂ Technology

1. ** M. Elkovitch, D.L. Tomasko and L.J. Lee, "Supercritical CO₂ Assisted Polymer Blending", Polymer Engineering and Science, 39(10), 2075-2084 (1999).
2. M. Elkovitch, L. J. Lee and D.L. Tomasko, "Effect of Supercritical CO₂ on Morphology Development in Polymer Blending", Polymer Engineering and Science, 40, 1850-1861 (2000).
3. C. Zeng and L.J. Lee, "Poly(methyl methacrylate) and Polystyrene/Clay Nanocomposites Prepared by In-Situ Polymerization", Macromolecules, 34, 4098-4103 (2001).
4. H. Wang, C. Zeng, M. Elkovitch, L.J. Lee and K.W. Koelling, "Processing and Properties of Polymeric Nano-composites", Polymer Engineering and Science, 41(11), 2036-2046 (2001).
5. M. Elkovitch, L. J. Lee and D.L. Tomasko, "Effect of Supercritical CO₂ on PMMA/Rubber and PS/Rubber Blending: Viscosity Ratio and Phase Inversion", Polymer Engineering and Science, 41(12), 2108-2125 (2001).
6. X. Han, K.W. Koelling, D.L. Tomasko and L.J. Lee, "Continuous Microcellular Polystyrene Foam Extrusion with Supercritical CO₂", Polymer Engineering and Science, 42(11), 2094-2106 (2002).
7. P. Svoboda, C. Zeng, H. Wang, and L.J. Lee, "Morphology and Mechanical Properties of PP/Organoclay Nanocomposites", Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 87, 1562-1570 (2002).
8. D.L. Tomasko, H. Li, D. Liu, X. Han, M.J. Wingert, L.J. Lee and K.W. Koelling, "A Review of CO₂ Applications in the Processing of Polymers", Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 42(25), 6431-6456 (2003).
9. X. Han, C. Zeng, L.J. Lee, K.W. Koelling and D.L. Tomasko, "Extrusion of Polystyrene Nanocomposite Foams with Supercritical CO₂", Polymer Engineering and Science, 43(6), 1261-1275 (2003).
10. C. Zeng, X. Han, L.J. Lee, K.W. Koelling and D.L. Tomasko "Polymer/Clay Nanocomposite Foams Prepared Using CO₂", Advanced Materials, 15(20), 1743-1747 (2003).
11. D.L. Tomasko, X. Han, D. Liu, W. Gao, K.W. Koelling and L.J. Lee, "Supercritical Fluid Applications in Polymer Nanocomposites", Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, 8, 407-412 (2003).
12. H. Li, L.J. Lee and D.L. Tomasko, "Effect of Carbon Dioxide on the Interfacial Tension of Polymer Melts", Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 43, 509-514 (2004).
13. L. Xu and L.J. Lee, "Effect of Nanoclay on Shrinkage Control of Low Profile Unsaturated Polyester (UP) Resin Cured at Room Temperature", Polymer, 45(21), 7325-7334 (2004).
14. X. Cao, L. J. Lee, T. Widya, and C.W. Macosko, "Polyurethane/Clay Nanocomposites Foams: Processing, Structure and Properties", Polymer, 46, 775-783 (2005).
15. L. Xu and L.J. Lee, "Kinetic Analysis and Mechanical Properties of Nanoclay Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester (UP) Resins Cured at Low Temperatures" Polymer Engineering and Science, 45(4), 496-509 (2005).
16. J. Shen, C. Zeng and L.J. Lee, "Synthesis of Polystyrene-Carbon Nanofiber Microcellular Foams", Polymer, 46, 5218-5224 (2005).
17. L.J. Lee, C. Zeng, X. Cao, X. Han, J. Shen and G. Xu, "Polymer Nanocomposite Foams", Composite Science and Technology, 65(15-16), 2344-2363 (2005).
18. X. Han, L.J. Lee and D.L. Tomasko, "CO2 Foaming of Polymer Nanocomposite Blends", Australia Journal of Chemistry, 58, 492-503 (2005).
19. J. Shen, X. Han and L.J. Lee, "Nanoscaled Reinforcement of Polystyrene Foams using Carbon Nanofibers", Journal of Cellular Plastics, 42(2), 105-126 (2006).
20. J. Shen, X. Cao and L.J. Lee, "Synthesis and Foaming of Water Expandable Polystyrene-Clay Nanocomposites’, Polymer, 47(18), 6303-6310 (2006).
21. X. Han, J. Shen, H. Huang and L.J. Lee, "CO₂ Foaming Based on Polystyrene / Poly (methyl methacrylate) Blend and Nanoclay", Polymer Engineering and Science, 47(2), 103-111 (2007).
22. G. Zhou, L.J. Lee and J. Castro, "Nanoclay and Long Fiber Reinforced Composites based on Epoxy and Phenolic Resins", Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 108 (6), 3720-3726 (2008).
23. Z. Guo, J. Yang, M.E. Berg, M.J. Wingert, D.L. Tomasko, L.J. Lee and T. Daniel, "Comparison of Carbon Nanofibers and Activated Carbon on Carbon Dioxide Foaming of Polystyrene", Journal of Cellular Plastics, 44, 453-468 (2008).
24. H. Chen, M-L Cheng, Y.C. Jean, L.J. Lee and J. Yang, "Effect of CO₂ Exposure on Free Volumes in Polystyrene Studied by Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy", Journal of Polymer Science, Part B: Polymer Physics, 46, 388-405 (2008).
25. Y.C. Jean, H. Chen, L.J. Lee and J. Yang, "Positron Annihilation Lifetime and Glass Transition Temperatures in CO₂ Sorption Polystyrene", Acta Physica Polonica, 113, 1385-1395 (2008).
26. V. Khanna, B. Bhakshi and L.J. Lee, "Carbon Nanofiber Production: Life Cycle Energy Consumption and Environmental Impact", Journal of Industrial Ecology, 12(3), 394-410 (2008).
27. Z. Guo, L.J. Lee and D.L. Tomasko, "CO₂ Permeability in Polymer Nanocomposites and Nanocomposite Foams", Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 47(23), 9636-9643 (2008).
28. G. Zhou, S. Movva and L.J. Lee, "Preparation and Properties of Nanoparticle and Long Fiber Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites", Polymer Composites, 30(7), 861-865 (2009).
29. S. Movva, G. Zhou, D. Guerra, and L.J. Lee, "Effect of Carbon Nanofibers on Mold Filling in a Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding System", Journal of Composite Materials, 43(6), 611-620 (2009).
30. J. Yang, S.K. Yeh, N.R. Chiou, Z. Guo, T. Daniel and L.J. Lee, "Synthesis and Foaming of Water Expandable Polystyrene-Activated Carbon Composites", Polymer, 50, 3169-3173 (2009).
31. M.J. Wingert, S. Shukla, K.W. Koelling, D.L. Tomasko and L.J. Lee, "Shear Viscosity of CO₂-Plastized Polystyrene under High Static Pressure", Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 48(11), 5460-5471 (2009).
32. Z. Guo; S.K. Yeh; M.J. Wingert, D.L.Tomasko and L.J. Lee, "Comparison of Carbon Nanofibers and Nanoclay on Rheology of Polystyrene under Supercritical Carbon Dioxide", Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 116(2), 1068-1076 (2010).
33. B. Zhu, W. Zha, J. Yang, C. Zhang and L.J. Lee, "Layered-Silicate Based Polystyrene Nanocomposite Microcellular Foam Using Super Critical Carbon Dioxide as Blowing Agent", Polymer, 51, 2177-2184 (2010).
34. S-K Yeh, J. Yang, N-R Chiou, T. Daniel and L.J. Lee, "Introducing Water as a Co-Blowing Agent in the Carbon Dioxide Extrusion Foaming Process for Polystyrene Thermal Insulation Foams", Polymer Engineering and Science, 50, 1577-1584 (2010).
35. Z. Cai, S. Movva, N-R Chiou, J. Castro and L.J. Lee, "Effect of Polyaniline-Surface Modified Carbon Nanofibers on Cure Kinetics of Epoxy Resin", Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 118(4), 2328-2335 (2010).
36. A. Srivastava, C. Alleman, Ghosh and L.J. Lee "Molecular Dynamics Simulation based Evaluation of Glass Transition Temperatures of Polystyrene in the Presence of Carbon Dioxide", Modeling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering, 18(6), 65003-65024 (2010).
37. S. Awad, H Chen, G. Chen, X. Gu, L.J. Lee, E.E. Abdel-Hady and Y.C. Jean, "Free Volumes, Glass Transitions and Cross-links of Zinc Oxide/Waterborne Polyurethane Nanocomposites", Macromolecules, 44, 29-38 (2011).
38. C. Zhang, B. Zhu and L.J. Lee, "Extrusion Foaming of Polystyrene/Carbon Particles Using Carbon Dioxide and Water as Co-blowing Agents", Polymer, 52, 1847-1855 (2011).
39. R. Mulyanal, E. Cabreral, J.M. Castro and L.J. Lee, "Injection Molding of Water Containing Thermoplastic Polyolefin", International Polymer Processing, 27, 1-9 (2012).
40. S. Awad, H.M. Chen, B.P. Grady, A. Paul, W.T. Ford, L.J. Lee and Y.C. Jean, "Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy of Polystyrene Filled with Carbon Nanomaterials", Macromolecules, 45, 933-940 (2012).
41. A. Burley, Z. Gao, L.J. Lee, K.W. Koelling, I. Kusaka and D.L. Tomasko, "CO₂ Bubble Nucleation in Polystyrene: Experimental and Modeling Studies", Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 125(3), 2170-2186 (2012).
42. S. Movva, D. Guerra, X. Ouyang, J. Castro and L.J. Lee "Cure Kinetics of Carbon Nanofiber/Vinyl Ester Nanocomposites at Low Temperature", Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 125, 2223–2230 (2012).
43. C. Zhang, B. Zhu and L.J. Lee, "Bimodal Polystyrene Foams Using Carbon Dioxide and Water as Co-blowing Agents", Polymer, 53, 2435-2442 (2012).
44. W. Huang, X. Ouyang and L.J. Lee, "High-Performance Nanopapers Based on Benzenesulfonic Functionalized Graphenes", ACS Nano, 6(11), 10178 (2012).
45. E. Cabrera, R. Mulyana, L.J. Lee and J. Castro, "The Use of Pressurized Water Pellets and Supercritical Nitrogen in Injection Molding", Journal of Applied Polymer Science, doi: 10.1002/app.37652 (2012).
46. F. Yang, S. Ghosh and L.J. Lee, "Size and Rate Dependent Constitutive Model of Polystyrene Thin Films from Molecular Dynamics Simulations", Computational Mechanics, 50(2), 169-184 (2012).
47. C. Dai, C. Zhang, K-C Chang and L.J. Lee, "Thermoplastic Polyurethane Microcellular Fibers via Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Based Extrusion Foaming", Polymer Engineering and Science, 53(11), 2360–2369 (2013).
48. N. Zhang, F. Yang, C. Shen, J. Castro and L.J. Lee, "Particle Erosion on Carbon Nanofiber Paper Coated Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Composites", Composites Part B: Engineering, 54, 209-214 (2013).
49. N. Zhang, F. Yang, L. Li, C. Shen, J. Castro and L.J. Lee, "Thickness Effect on Particle Erosion Resistance of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Coating on Steel Substrate", Wear, 303, 49-55 (2013).
50. N. Zhang, F. Yang, D. Guerra, C. Shen, J. Castro and L.J. Lee, "Fabrication and Analysis of Carbon Nanofiber Nanopaper Coated Glassfiber/Epoxy Composites for Particle Erosion Resistance", Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 1875-1881 (2013).
51. W. Huang, J. Yu, K.J. Kwak, D. Gallego-Perez, W.C. Liao, L. Li, H. Yang., X. Ouyang, W. Lu, G. Lafyatis and L.J. Lee, "Atomic Carbide Bonding Leads to Superior Graphene Networks", Advanced Materials, 25, 4668-4672 (2013).
52. L. Li, L.J. Lee and A. Yi, "Graphene Coated Si Mold for Precision Glass Optics Molding", Optics Letters, 38(14), 2625-2628 (2013).
53. Y-C Yen, T. Lee, D. Chiu, F-C Chang and L.J. Lee, "Polymer Foams with Inter-connected Carbon Particulate Network", Journal of Cellular Plastics, 50(5), 437-448 (2014).
54. P. Xie, P. He, Y-C Yen, K.J. Kwak, D/ Gallego-Perez, L. Chang, A. Yi and L.J. Lee, "Rapid Hot Embossing of Polymer Microstructures Using Carbide-bonded Graphene Coating on Silicon Stampers", Surfaces and Coating Technology, 258, 174-180 (2014).
55. L-J Wang, L. Li, J. Yu, Y. Wu, H. He, X. Ouyang, X. Zhao, Y-C Yen, and L.J. Lee, "Large-Area Graphene Coating via Superhydrophilic-Assisted Electro-Hydrodynamic Spraying Deposition’, Carbon, 79, 294-301 (2014).
56. E.D Cabrera, S. Ko, X. Ouyang, E. Straus, L.J. Lee and J.M. Castro, Technical Feasibility of a New Approach to Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Shielding of Injection Molded Parts Using In-Mold Coating (IMC) Nanopaper", Journal of Polymer Engineering, 34, 739-746 (2014).
57. Z. Zhao, W-C Liao, N. Bhagavatula, L.J. Lee and J.M. Castro, "Permeability Measurements and Flow Simulation for Polyaniline (PANI) Carbon Nanafiber Modified Nanopaper on Glass Fiber Preform", Polymer Composites, 35(4), 655-664 (2014).
58. D. Fu, T. Kuang, F. Chen, L.J. Lee, X. Peng, "Fabrication of High Strength PA6/PP Blends with Pressure-induced Flow Processing", Materials and Design, 164, 1-5 (2015).
59. D. Li, Y-C Yen, D. Fu, A. Benatar and L.J. Lee, "Ultrasound-Assisted-Pressure-Induced-Flow Leading to Superior Polymer/Carbon Nanotube Composites and Foams", Polymer, 80, 237-244 (2015).
60. X. Ouyang, S-H Ko, J. Castro and L.J. Lee, "A Kinetics Study of Diacrylic-Styrene Crosslinking Copolymerization", Journal of Polymer Research, 22(148), 1-6 (2015).
61. X. Ouyang, Wenyi Huang, Eusebio Cabrera, Jose Castro, and L.J. Lee, "Graphene-Graphene Oxide-Graphene Hybrid Nanopapers with Superior Mechanical, Gas Barrier and Electrical Properties", AIP Advances, 5, 017135 (2015).
62. J. Zhou, P. He, J. Yu, L.G. Shen, L.J. Lee and A. Yi, "Investigation on the Friction Coefficient between Graphene-coated Silicon and Glass Using Barrel Compression Test", Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B, 33, 031213 (2015).
63. J. Jiang, Z. Zhao, C. Deng, F. Liu, D. Li, L. Fang, D. Zhang, J.M. Castro, F. Chen, and L.J. Lee, "Carbon Nanofibers (CNFs) Surface Modification to Fabricate Carbon Nanofibers_Nanopaper Integrated Polymer Composite Material", Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 15, 1-7 (2015).
64. E.D. Cabrera, P. Zhang, W-C Liao, Y-C Yen, J. Yu, J. Castro and L.J. Lee, " Graphene Coating Assisted Injection Molding of Ultra-Thin Thermoplastics", Polymer Engineering and Science, 6, 1374-1381 (2015).
65. T. Kuang, F. Chen, L. Chang, X-F Peng and L.J. Lee, "Enhanced Strength and Foamability of High-density Polyethylene Prepared by Pressure-induced Flow and Low-temperature Crosslinking. RSC Advances, (6), 34422-34427 (2016).
66. D. Fu, T. Kuang, Y-C Yen, D. Li, A. Benatar, X.F. Peng and L.J. Lee, "PS/MWCNT Composite and Its Foam Assisted by Ultrasound Vibration", J. Cellular Plastics, DOI: 10.1177/0021955X16651253 (2016).
67. D. Fu, T. Kuang, F. Chen, X. Peng, D.Y. Chiu, C.S Lin and L.J. Lee, "Supercritical CO₂ Foaming of Pressure-Induced Flow Processed Linear Polypropylene", Materials and Design, 93, 509-513 (2016).
68. J. Zhou, J. Yu, L.J. Lee, L. Shen and A. Yi, "Stress Relaxation and Refractive Index Change of As₂S₃ in Compression Molding" International Journal of Applied Glass Science, 1-12. DOI:10.1111/ijag.12244 (2016).
69. L. Chang, F. Chen, X. Zhang, T. Kuang, M. Li, J. Hu, J. Shi, L.J. Lee, H. Cheng H and Y. Li, "Synthetic Melanin e-Ink", ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 9(19), 16553-16560 (2017).
70. D. Zhang, E. Cabrera, Y. Zhao, Z. Zhao, J.M. Castro and L.J. Lee, "Improved Sand Erosion Resistance and Mechanical Properties of Multifunctional Carbon Nanofiber Nanopaper-enhanced Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites", Adv. Polym. Technol., (37), 1878–1885 (2018).
71. X. Liu, T. Zhou, L. Zhang, W. Zhou, J. Yu, L.J. Lee and A. Yi, "Fabrication of Spherical Microlens Array by Combining Lapping on Silicon Wafer and Rapid Surface Molding", Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 28, 078008 (2018).
72. Y. Zhao, E. Cabrera, D. Zhang, J. Sun, T. Kuang, W. Yang, M.J. Lertola, A. Benatar, J.M. Castro and L.J. Lee, "Ultrasonic Processing of MWCNT Nanopaper Reinforced Polymeric Nanocomposites", Polymer, 156, 85-94 (2018).
73. D. Zhang, M. Villarreal, E. Cabrera, A. Benatar, L.J. Lee and J. Castro, "Performance Study of Ultrasonic Assisted Processing of CNT Nanopaper/Solventless Epoxy Composite", Composites Part B, 159, 327-335 (2019).
74. P. Garman, H. Yang, Y-C Yen, J. Yu, K.J. Kwak, V. Malkoc, V. Talesara, L.J. Lee and W. Lu, "SiOC-Accelerated Graphene Growth on SiO₂/Si Surface for Tunable Electronic Properties", Physica Status Solidi RRL, 1900017 (2019).
75. P. Garman, J. Johnson, V. Talesara, H. Yang, X. Du, D. Zhang, J. Yu, E. Cabrera, Y-C Yen, J. Castro, W. Lu, J-C Zhao, J. Hwang and L.J. Lee, "Dual SiOC Accelerated Growth of Graphene Networks for Electronic and Thermal Applications", Advanced Materials Technologies, 4(5), 1800324 (2019).
76. P. Garman, J. Johnson, V. Talesara, H. Yang, D. Zhang, J.M. Castro, W. Lu, J. Hwang and L.J. Lee, "Silicon Oxycarbide Accelerated Chemical Vapor Deposition of Graphitic Networks on Ceramic Substrates for Thermal Management Enhancement", ACS Applied Nano Materials, 2, 452−458 (2019).
77. M. Wu, L. Zhang, E.D. Cabrera, J-J Pan, H. Yang, D. Zhang, Z-G Yang, J-F Yu, J. Castro, H-X Huang and L.J. Lee, "Carbide-Bonded Graphene Coated Zirconia for Achieving Rapid Thermal Cycling under Low Input Voltage and Power", Ceramics International, 45(18), 24318–24323 (2019).
78. X. Liu, L. Zhang, W. Zhou, T. Zhou, J. Yu, L.J. Lee and A. Yi, "Fabrication of Plano-Concave Plastic Lens by Novel Injection Molding Using Carbide-Bonded Graphene-Coated Silica Molds", Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 141(8), 081011 (2019).
79. X. Liu, T. Zhou, L. Zhang, W. Zhou, J. Yu, L.J. Lee, and A. Yi, "3D Fabrication of Spherical Microlens Arrays on Concave and Convex Silica Surfaces", Microsystem Technology, 25(1), 361–370 (2019).
80. V. Talesara, P. Garman, L.J. Lee and W. Lu, "Thermal Management of High-Power Switching Transistors Using Thick CVD-Grown Graphene Nanomaterial", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 35(1), 578-590 (2020).
81. D. Zhang, J. Sun, L.J. Lee and J.M. Castro, "Overview of Ultrasonic Assisted Manufacturing Multifunctional Carbon Nanotube Nanopaper Based Polymer Nanocomposites", Engineered Science, 10(3), 35–50 (2020).
82. J. Pan, D. Zhang, M. Wu, S. Ruan, J.M. Castro, L.J. Lee and F. Chen, "Impacts of Carbonaceous Particulates on Extrudate Semicrystalline Polyethylene Terephthalate Foams: Nonisothermal Crystallization, Rheology, and Infrared Attenuation Studies", Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 59(35), 15586–15597 (2020).
83. J. Pan, F. Chen, E.D. Cabrera, Z. Min, S. Ruan, M. Wu, D. Zhang, J.M. Castro and L.J. Lee, " Carbon Particulate and Controlled-Hydrolysis Assisted Extrusion Foaming of Semi-Crystalline Polyethylene Terephthalate for the Enhanced Thermal Insulation Property", Journal of Cellular Plastics, 0021955X20952751 (2020).
84. D. Zhang, H. Yang, J. Pan, B. Lewis, W. Zhou, K. Cai, A. Benatar, L.J. Lee and J.M. Castro, "Multi-Functional CNT Nanopaper Polyurethane Nanocomposite Fabricated by Ultrasonic Infiltration and Dip Soaking Processes", Composites Part B: Engineering, 182, 107646 (2020).
85. D. Zhang, K. Cai, J. Pan, L.J. Lee and J.M. Castro, "A Novel Carbon Nanotube Nanopaper Polyurethane Coating for Fiber Reinforced Composite Substrates", Polymer Engineering and Science, in press.

Reactive Processing and Thermoset Polymers

Resins

1. L.J. Lee and C.W. Macosko, "Heat Transfer in Polymer Reaction Molding," International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 23, 1479-1492 (1980).
2. I.S. Fridman, E.L. Thomas, L.J. Lee and C.W. Macosko, "Morphological Characterization of RIM Polyester Based Polyurethanes," Polymer, 21, 393-402 (1980).
3. L.J. Lee, "Polyurethane Reaction Injection Molding: Process, Materials and Properties," Rubber Chemistry and Technology ‑ Review Issue, 53, 542-549 (1980).
4. L.J. Lee, J.M. Ottino, W.E. Ranz and C.W. Macosko, "Impingement Mixing in Reaction Injection Molding," Polymer Engineering and Science, 20, 868-874 (1980).
5. L.J. Lee, R.M. Griffith and J.G. Sommer, "Flow Analysis of Rubber Transfer Molding," Polymer Engineering and Science, 24, 403-414 (1984).
6. C.W. Macosko and L.J. Lee, "Heat Transfer and Property Development in Liquid Silicone Rubber Molding," Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 2, 436-449 (1985).
7. Y.J. Huang and L.J. Lee, "Kinetics of Free Radical Polymerizations in Reactive Polymer Processing," AIChE Journal, 31, 1585-1593 (1985).
8. Y.J. Huang, T.C. Hsu and L.J. Lee, "Effect of Compound Composition on Fast Reactions of Polyurethane and Unsaturated Polyester in the Bulk State," Polymer, 26, 1247-1252 (1985).
9. T.C. Hsu and L.J. Lee, "Reaction Kinetics of Polyurethane‑Polyester Interpenetrating Polymer Network in the Bulk Polymerization," Polymer Engineering and Science, 25, 951-958 (1985).
10. T.C. Hsu and L.J. Lee, "Physical Properties of Transfer Molded Polyurethane ‑ Polyester Interpenetrating Polymer Network," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 33, 793-807 (1987).
11. Y.M. Lee, Y.S. Yang and L.J. Lee, "Rheological Changes During the Polymerization of Polyurethane Based IPN," Polymer Engineering and Science, 27, 716-726 (1987).
12. Y.J. Huang, J.D. Fan and L.J. Lee, "Casting of Diffusion‑Controlled Free Radical Polymerizations ‑ Experimental and Theoretical Analysis," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 33, 1315-1341 (1987).
13. + Y.S. Yang and L.J. Lee, "Polymerization of Polyurethane‑Polyester Interpenetrating Polymer Network," Macromolecules, 20, 1490-1495 (1987).
14. Y.M. Lee and L.J. Lee, "Effect of Mixing and Reaction on a Fast Step Growth Polymerization," Journal of International Polymer Processing, 1(3), 144-152 (1987).
15. Y.M. Lee and L.J. Lee, "Rheological Changes of Urethane Polymerization in Bulk and in Solution," Polymer, 28, 2304-2309 (1987).
16. Y.S. Yang and L.J. Lee, "Rheo‑kinetic Studies of Unsaturated Polyester Resins," Polymer Processing Engineering, 5, 327-356 (1987).
17. Y.S. Yang, and L.J. Lee, "Comparison of Thermal and Infrared Spectroscopic Analyses in the Formation of Polyurethane, Unsaturated Polyester and Their Blend," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 36, 1325-1342 (1988).
18. ++ T.C. Hsu and L.J. Lee, "Processing of Polyurethane‑Polyester IPN," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 36, 1157-1176 (1988).
19. T.C. Hsu and L.J. Lee, "Reaction Injection Molding of Polyureas, I. Kinetics Study," Polymer Engineering & Science, 28, 955-963 (1988).
20. Y.S. Yang and L.J. Lee, "Microstructure Formation in the Cure of Unsaturated Polyester Resins," Polymer, 29, 1793-1800 (1988).
21. Y.M. Lee and L.J. Lee, "Interactions of Mixing, Diffusion and Reactions in Fast Step Growth Polymerizations," Polymer‑Plastics Technology Engineering, 28(2), 151-184 (1989).
22. M. Nelson and L.J. Lee, "Mixing Characteristics of Urethane Based Materials and Polyurea in RIM," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 37, 251-266 (1989).
23. K.J. Wang, T.J. Hsu and L.J. Lee, "Structure‑Property‑Processing Relationships of Polyurethane‑Polyester IPNs," Polymer Engineering and Science, 29, 397-404 (1989).
24. Y.S. Yang, L.J. Lee, S.K. Lo and P.J. Menardi, "Monitoring the Cure of Unsaturated Polyester Resins by Pressure DSC and FTIR‑PLC," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 37, 2313-2330 (1989).
25. J.A. Molnar and L.J. Lee, "Mixing Study of L‑Shape Mixhead in Reaction Injection Molding," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 37, 2295-2312 (1989).
26. Y.J. Huang and L.J. Lee, "Optimization of Diffusion‑Controlled Free Radical Polymerizations in a Distributed Parameter System," Chemical Engineering Science, 44, 363-376 (1989).
27. S. Damani and L.J. Lee, "The Resin‑Fiber Interface in Polyurethane and Polyurethane‑Unsaturated Polyester Hybrid", Polymer Composites, 11, 174-183 (1990).
28. Y.J. Huang and L.J. Lee, "Optimization of Diffusion‑Controlled Free Radical Polymerizations in Lumped Parameter Systems," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 39, 2353-2375 (1990).
29. K.J. Wang, Y.J. Huang and L.J. Lee, "Reaction Injection Molding of Polyureas, II. Rheo‑kinetic Changes and Model Simulation," Polymer Engineering and Science, 30, 654-664 (1990).
30. K.J. Wang, T.C. Hsu and L.J. Lee, "Rheo‑kinetic Changes of Polyurea Reactions in Solution," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 41, 1055-1072 (1990).
31. ++++ Y.J. Huang, J.D. Fan and L.J. Lee, "A Free Radical Copolymerization Model for Simulating Reactive Processing of Unsaturated Polyester Resins," Polymer Engineering and Science, 30, 684-692 (1990).
32. C.P. Hsu and L.J. Lee, "Structure Formation During the Copolymerization of Styrene and Unsaturated Polyester Resins," Polymer, 32(12), 2263-2271 (1991).
33. S. Muzumdar and L.J. Lee, "Prediction of Gel-Time in the Cure of Unsaturated Polyester Resins: Mechanistic and Statistical Analyses," Polymer Engineering and Science, 31(23), 1647-1656 (1991).
34. F.R. Tollens and L.J. Lee, "Cure Analysis of Unsaturated Polyester Resins Using ESR, DSC and Rheometry," Polymer, 34(1), 29-37 (1993).
35. Y.C. Chou and L.J. Lee, "Kinetics, Rheological and Morphological Changes of Polyurethane-Unsaturated Polyester IPNs", ACS Advances in Chemistry Series, 239, 305-331 (1993).
36. C.P. Hsu and L.J. Lee, "Free Radical Crosslinking Copolymerization of Styrene/Unsaturated Polyester Resins, Part I: Phase Separation and Microgel Formation," Polymer, 34(21), 4495-4505 (1993).
37. C.P. Hsu and L.J. Lee, "Free Radical Crosslinking Copolymerization of Styrene/Unsaturated Polyester Resins, Part II: An ESR Study," Polymer, 34(21), 4506-4515 (1993).
38. C.P. Hsu and L.J. Lee, "Free Radical Crosslinking Copolymerization of Styrene/Unsaturated Polyester Resins, Part III: Kinetics-Gelation Mechanism," Polymer, 34(21), 4516-4523 (1993).
39. Y.C. Chou and L.J. Lee, "Reaction Induced Phase Separation during the Formation of a Polyurethane-Unsaturated Polyester Interpenetrating Polymer Networks," Polymer Engineering & Science, 34(16), 1239-1249 (1994).
40. Y.Y. Chiu and L.J. Lee, "Microgel Formation in the Free Radical Crosslinking Polymerization of EGDMA, Part I: Experimental," Journal of Polymer Science, Polymer Chemistry Edition, 33, 257-267 (1995).
41. Y.Y. Chiu and L.J. Lee, "Microgel Formation in the Free Radical Crosslinking Polymerization of EGDMA, Part II: Simulation," Journal of Polymer Science, Polymer Chemistry Edition, 33, 269-283 (1995).
42. Y.C. Chou and L.J. Lee, "Mechanical Properties of Urethane-Unsaturated Polyester IPN," Polymer Engineering and Science, 35(12), 976-988 (1995).
43. ## Y.Y. Chiu, R. Saito and L.J. Lee, "Modification of Unsaturated Polyester Resins for Viscosity Control", Polymer, 37(11), 2179-2190 (1996).
44. S. Muzumdar and L.J. Lee, "Chemorheological Analysis of Unsaturated Polyester-Styrene Copolymerization", Polymer Engineering and Science, 36(7), 943-952 (1996).
45. X. Sun, J. Toth and L.J. Lee, "Chemorheology of Polyurethane-Isocyanurate Formation," Polymer Engineering & Science, 37(1), 143-152 (1997).
46. X. Sun, Y.Y. Chiu and L.J. Lee, "Microgel Formation in the Free Radical Cross-Linking Copolymerization of Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) and Ethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate (EGDMA)," Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 36, 1343-1351 (1997).
47. L. Li, X. Sun and L.J. Lee, "Low Temperatures Cure of Vinylester Resins", Polymer Engineering and Science, 39(4), 646-661 (1999).
48. L. Li and L. J. Lee, "Effect of Inhibitors and Retarders on Low Temperature Free Radical Crosslinking Polymerization between Styrene and Vinyl Ester Resin", Polymer Engineering and Science, 41(1), 53-65 (2001).
49. H. Yang and L. J. Lee, "Comparison of Unsaturated Polyester and Vinylester Resins Cured in Low Temperature Polymerization", Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 79, 1230-1242 (2001).
50. H. Yang and L.J. Lee, "A Kinetic Model for Free-radical Crosslinking Co-polymerization of Styrene/Vinylester Resin", Polymer Composites, 22(5), 668-679 (2001).
51. H. Yang and L. J. Lee, "Effects of Resin Chemistry on Redox-Polymerization of Unsaturated Polyester Resins", Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 84, 211-227 (2002).
52. L. Li and L.J. Lee, "Effect of A Chelating Agent- 2, 4 P on Low Temperature Cure of Vinylester and Unsaturated Polyester Resins", Polymer Composites, 23(6), 971-990 (2002).
53. *** L. Li, X. Cao and L.J. Lee, "Effect of Dual-Initiator on Low Temperature Curing of Unsaturated Polyester Resins", Polymer, 45(19), 6601-6612 (2004).

Low Profile Additives

1. M. Kinkelaar, C.P. Hsu and L.J. Lee, "Interactions of Reaction, Rheological Changes, Microstructure Formation and Volume Change in the Cure of Low Profile Unsaturated Polyester Resins," SAMPE Quarterly, 21(4), 40-47, July (1990).
2. C.P. Hsu, M. Kinkelaar, P. Hu and L.J. Lee, "Effect of Thermoplastic Additives on the Cure of Unsaturated Polyester Resins," Polymer Engineering and Science, 31(20), 1450-1460 (1991).
3. M. Kinkelaar and L.J. Lee, "Development of a Dilatometer and Its Application to Low Shrink Unsaturated Polyester Resins," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 45, 37-50 (1992).
4. M. Kinkelaar, B. Wang, and L.J. Lee, "Shrinkage Behavior of Low Profile Unsaturated Polyester Resins", Polymer, 35(14), 3011-3022 (1994).
5. R.R. Hill, S. Muzumdar and L.J. Lee, "Analysis of Volumetric Changes of Unsaturated Polyester Resins During Curing," Polymer Engineering and Science, 35(10), 852-859 (1995).
6. M. Kinkelaar and L.J. Lee, "Dilatometric Study of Low Profile Unsaturated Polyester Resins," Polymer Engineering and Science, 35(10), 823-836 (1995).
7. ### R. Saito, W.M. Kong and L.J. Lee, "Thickening Behavior and Shrinkage Control of Low Profile Unsaturated Polyester Resins", Polymer, 37(16), 3567-3576 (1996).
8. #### W. Li and L.J. Lee, "Shrinkage Control of Low Profile Unsaturated Polyester Resins at Low Temperature Cure", Polymer, 39(23), 5677-5687 (1998).
9. W. Li and L.J. Lee, "Low Temperature Cure of Unsaturated Polyester Resins with Thermoplastic Additives, I. Dilatometry and Morphology Study", Polymer, 41(2), 685-696 (2000).
10. W. Li and L.J. Lee, "Low Temperature Cure of Unsaturated Polyester Resins with Thermoplastic Additives, II. Structure Formation and Shrinkage Control Mechanism", Polymer, 41(2), 697-710 (2000).
11. W. Li and L.J. Lee, "Low Temperature Cure of Unsaturated Polyester Resins with Thermoplastic Additives, III. Modification of Polyvinyl Acetate for Better Shrinkage Control", Polymer, 41(2), 711-718 (2000).
12. X. Cao and L.J. Lee, "Effect of Co-Promoter and Secondary Monomer on Shrinkage Control of Unsaturated Polyester/Styrene/Low Profile Additive SystemsCured at Low Temperatures", Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 82, 738-749 (2001).
13. X. Cao and L.J. Lee, "Control of Shrinkage and Final Conversion of Vinylester Resin Cured in Low Temperature Molding Process", Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 90, 1486-1496 (2003).
14. X. Cao and L.J. Lee, "Control of Shrinkage and Residual Styrene of Unsaturated Polyester Resins Cured at Low Temperatures, I. Effect of Curing Agents", Polymer, 44(6), 1893-1902 (2003).
15. X. Cao and L.J. Lee, "Control of Shrinkage and Residual Styrene of Unsaturated Polyester Resins Cured at Low Temperatures, II. Effect of Comonomer", Polymer, 44(5), 1507-1516 (2003).

Composite Manufacturing

1. L.J. Lee, "Curing of Compression Molded Sheet Molding Compound," Polymer Engineering and Science, 21, 483-492 (1981).
2. L.J. Lee, L.F. Marker and R.M. Griffith, "The Rheology and Mold Flow of Polyester Sheet Molding Compounds," Polymer Composites, 3, 209-218 (1981).
3. J.D. Fan, J.M. Marinelli and L.J. Lee, "Optimization of Polyester Sheet Molding Compounds I. Experimental Study," Polymer Composites, 7, 239-249 (1986).
4. J.D. Fan and L.J. Lee, "Optimization of Polyester Sheet Molding Compounds II. Theoretical Modeling," Polymer Composites, 7, 250-260 (1986).
5. J.D. Fan, Y.T. Im, J. Kim and L.J. Lee, "Curing of Sheet Molding Compound in Molds with Substructures," Polymer Engineering and Science, 29, 740-748 (1989).
6. +++ J.A. Molnar, L. Trevino and L.J. Lee, "Liquid Flow in Molds with Prelocated Fiber Mats," Polymer Composites, 10, 414-423 (1989).
7. J.D. Fan, J. Kim, Y.T. Im, and L.J. Lee, "Flow Analysis of Sheet Molding Compounds in Compression Molding," Journal of International Polymer Processing, 6(1), 61-72 (1991).
8. L. Trevino, K. Rupel, W.B. Young, M.J. Liou and L.J. Lee, "Analysis of Resin Injection Molding in Molds with Preplaced Fiber Mats: I. Permeability and Compressibility Measurements," Polymer Composites, 12, 20-29 (1991).
9. W.B. Young, K. Rupel, K. Han, L.J. Lee and M.J. Liou, "Analysis of Resin Injection Molding in Molds with Preplaced Fiber Mats: II. Numerical Simulation and Experiments of Mold Filling," Polymer Composites, 12, 30-38 (1991).
10. W.B. Young, K. Han, L.H. Fong, L.J. Lee and M.J. Liou, "Flow Simulation in Molds with Preplaced Fiber Mats," Polymer Composites, 12, 391-403 (1991).
11. R.J. Lin, L.J. Lee and M.J. Liou, "Non-isothermal Mold Filling and Curing Simulation in Thin Cavities with Preplaced Fiber Mats," Journal of International Polymer Processing, 4, 356-369 (1991).
12. M.J. Perry, L.J. Lee and C.W. Lee, "Cure Monitoring of Graphite/Epoxy Composites by Scaling Analysis and Thermocouple Piles," Journal of Composite Materials, 26(2), 274-292 (1992).
13. J. Kim, Y.C. Shiau, L.J. Lee and Y.T. Im, "Compression Molding Simulation of Chopped-Fiber-Reinforced Polymeric Composites in Plate-Rib type Geometry," Polymer Composites, 13(2), 97-107 (1992).
14. L. Kalra, M.J. Perry and L.J. Lee, "Automation of Autoclave Cure of Epoxy/Graphite Composite," Journal of Composite Materials, 26(17), 2567-2584 (1992).
15. M.J. Perry, J. Xu, Y. Ma and L.J. Lee, "Analysis of Thermal Characteristics of Alternative Mold Materials for Resin Transfer Molding", SAMPE Quarterly, 23(4), 20-34, July (1992).
16. J.Y. Xu, J. Kim, T. Ho and L.J. Lee, "Compression Molding of SMC in Plate-Rib Type Geometry," Polymer Composites, 14(1), 51-58 (1993).
17. K. Han, L. Trevino, L.J. Lee and M.J. Liou, "Fiber Mat Deformation in Liquid Composite Molding: I. Experimental Analysis," Polymer Composites, 14(2), 144-150 (1993).
18. R.J. Lin, L.J. Lee and M.J. Liou, "Mold Filling and Curing Analysis in Resin Transfer Molding and Structural Reaction Injection Molding," Polymer Composites, 14(1), 71-81 (1993).
19. K. Han, L.J. Lee and M.J. Liou, "Fiber Mat Deformation in Liquid Composite Molding: II. Modeling", Polymer Composites, 14(2), 151-160 (1993).
20. # N. Patel, V. Rohatgi and L.J. Lee, "Influence of Processing and Material Variables on Resin-Fiber Interface in Liquid Composite Molding," Polymer Composites, 14(2), 161-172 (1993).
21. J.T. Twu, R.R. Hill, T.J. Wang and L.J. Lee, "Numerical Simulation of Non-isothermal SMC Molding," Polymer Composites, 14(6), 503-514 (1993).
22. T.J. Wang, C.H. Wu and L.J. Lee, "In-Plane Permeability Measurement and Analysis in Liquid Composite Molding," Polymer Composites, 15(4), 278-288 (1994).
23. N. Dziewatkoski, J.Y. Xu, L.J. Lee and J.M. Castro, "Effect of Two Stage Pressure Molding on Surface Quality of SMC Panels," Polymer Composites, 15(2), 106-117 (1994).
24. L.H. Fong, J.Y. Xu and L.J. Lee, "Preforming Analysis of Thermoformable Fiber Mats, Deformation Modes and Reinforcement Characterization," Polymer Composites, 15(2), 134-146 (1994).
25. L.H. Fong and L.J. Lee, "Preforming Analysis of Thermoformable Fiber Mats. Effect of Deformation on Mold Filling," Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 13, 637-663 (1994).
26. J.Y. Xu and L.J. Lee, "Analysis of Preforming Process for a Thermoformable Fiber Mats" Journal of Advanced Materials, 33-40, October (1994).
27. C.H. Wu, T.J. Wang and L.J. Lee," Transverse Permeability Measurement and Analysis in Liquid Composite Molding," Polymer Composites, 15(4), 289-298 (1994).
28. L.J. Lee, "Mold Filling and Cure Modeling of RTM," Composites Structure, 27, 109-120 (1994).
29. J.T. Twu, S.C. Chen and L.J. Lee, "Simulation Based Process Design of SMC Compression Molding," Polymer Composites, 15(5), 313-326 (1994).
30. N. Patel, V. Rohatgi and L.J. Lee, "Micro-scale Flow Behavior and Void Formation Mechanism during Impregnation Through a Unidirectional Stitched Fiberglass Mat," Polymer Engineering and Science, 35(10), 837-851 (1995).
31. N. Patel and L.J. Lee, "Effects of Fiber Mat Architecture on Void Formation and Removal in Liquid Composite Molding", Polymer Composites, 16(5), 386-399 (1995).
32. J.T. Twu and L.J. Lee, "Application of Artificial Neural Networks for the Optimal Design of SMC Compression Molding", Polymer Composites, 16(5), 400-408 (1995).
33. L. Fong and L.J. Lee, "Preforming Simulation of Thermoformable Fiber Mats Using Geometric Modeling Approach," Science and Engineering of Composite Materials, 4(3), 133-142 (1995).
34. T.J. Wang, L.J. Lee, and W.B. Young, "A Modification of the Control Volume Finite Element Method for Mold Filling Simulation," Journal of International Polymer Processing 10(1), 82-90 (1995).
35. T.J. Wang, R.J. Lin, and L.J. Lee, "Tool Heat Transfer Analysis in Resin Transfer Molding," Journal of International Polymer Processing, 10(4), 364-373 (1995).
36. V. Rohatgi, N. Patel and L.J. Lee, "Experimental Investigation of Flow Induced Microvoids during Impregnation of Unidirectional Stitched Fiberglass Mat", Polymer Composites, 17(2), 161-170 (1996).
37. N. Patel and L.J. Lee, "Modeling of Void Formation and Removal in Liquid Composite Molding. Part I: Wettability Analysis", Polymer Composites, 17(1), 96-103 (1996).
38. N. Patel and L.J. Lee, "Modeling of Void Formation and Removal in Liquid Composite Molding. Part II: Model Development and Implementation", Polymer Composites, 17(1), 104-114 (1996).
39. D.R. Calhoun, S. Yalvac, D.G. Wetters, C.H. Wu, T.J. Wang, J.S. Tsai and L.J. Lee, "Mold Filling Analysis in Resin Transfer Molding", Polymer Composites, 17(2), 251-264 (1996).
40. K. Han and L.J. Lee, "Dry Spot Formation and Changes in Liquid Composite Molding, Part I: Experimental," Journal of Composite Materials, 30(13), 1458-1474 (1996).
41. K. Han and L.J. Lee, "Dry Spot Formation and Changes in Liquid Composite Molding, Part II: Simulation", Journal of Composite Materials, 30(13), 1475-1493 (1996).
42. V. Rohatgi and L.J. Lee, "Moldability of Tackified Fiber Preforms in Liquid Composite Molding," Journal of Composite Materials, 31 (7), 720-744 (1997).
43. J. Ni, Y. Zhao, L.J. Lee and S. Nakamura, "Analysis of Two-Regional Flow in Liquid Composite Molding," Polymer Composites, 18(2), 254-269 (1997).
44. J. Castro, S. Conover, C. Wilkes, K. Han, H.T. Chiu and L.J. Lee, "Manufacturing of Composite Links by Structural Reaction Injection Molding," Polymer Composites, 18(5), 585-594 (1997).
45. S.J. Tsai, S.J. Li and L.J. Lee, "Microstructural Analysis of Composite Tubes Made by Braided Fiber Preform and Resin Transfer Molding," Journal of Composite Materials, 32(9), 829-850 (1998).
46. Y. Wu, R. Shivpuri and L.J. Lee, "Effect of Macro and Micro Voids on Elastic Properties of Polymer Composites", Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 17(15), 1391-1402 (1998).
47. K. Han, J. Ni, J. Toth, L.J. Lee and J. Greene, "Analysis of an Injection/Compression Liquid Composite Molding Process," Polymer Composites, 19(4), 487-496 (1998).
48. S.Y. Hu, S.C. Chen, J.T. Twu and L.J. Lee, "Simulations of Cyclic, Transient Variations of Mold Temperature in SMC Compression Molding", Polymer Composites, 19(4), 311-324 (1998).
49. J. Shih and L.J. Lee, "Effect of Fiber Architecture on Permeability in Liquid Composite Molding", Polymer Composites, 19(5), 626-639 (1998).
50. X. Sun, S.J. Li and L.J. Lee, "Analysis of Vacuum Infusion Resin Transfer Molding, Part I- SCRIMP Based on a High Permeable Medium", Polymer Composites, 19(6), 807-817 (1998).
51. * J. Ni, S.J. Li, X. Sun and L.J. Lee, "Analysis of Vacuum Infusion Resin Transfer Molding, Part II- SCRIMP Based on Grooves", Polymer Composites, 19(6), 818-829 (1998).
52. C-H Wu, H.T. Chiu, L.J. Lee and S. Nakamura, "Simulation of Resin Transfer Molding Using an Eulerian-Lagrangian Approach," Journal of International Polymer Processing, 8(4), 389-397 (1998).
53. B. Yu and L. J. Lee, "A Simplified In-Plane Permeability Model for Textile Fabrics", Polymer Composites, 21(5), 660-670 (2000).
54. H.T. Chiu, B. Yu, S.C. Chen and L.J. Lee, "Heat Transfer during Flow and Resin Reaction through Fiber Reinforcement", Chemical Engineering Science, 55, 3365-3376 (2000).
55. S. Li and L.J. Lee, "Preforming Analysis of Biaxial Braided Fabrics Sleeving on Pipes and Ducts", Journal of Composite Materials, 34(6), 479-501 (2000).
56. Z. Ding, S. Li, H. Yang, L.J. Lee, H. Engelen and P.M. Puckett, "Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Resin Flow and Cure in Resin Injection Pultrusion", Polymer Composites, 21(5), 762-778 (2000).
57. B. Yu, H-T Chiu and L.J. Lee, "Analysis of Flow and Heat Transfer in Liquid Composite Molding", Journal of International Polymer Processing, 15(3), 273-283 (2000).
58. C-H Shih and L. J. Lee, "Tackification of Textile Fiber Preforms in Resin Transfer Molding", Journal of Composite Materials, 35(21), 1954-1981 (2001).
59. C-H Shih, Q. Liu and L.J. Lee, "Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding Using Tackified Fiber Preforms", Polymer Composites, 22(6), 721-729 (2001).
60. B. Yu, L.J. Lee and H. Cao, "Fractal Characters of Pore Microstructures of Textile Fabrics", Fractals, 9(2), 155-163 (2001).
61. C-H Shih and L.J. Lee, "Analysis of Void Removal in Liquid Composite Molding Using Microflow Models’, Polymer Composites, 23(1), 120-131 (2002).
62. H.T. Chiu and L.J. Lee, "Simulation of Liquid Composite Molding based on Control-Volume Finite Element Method", International Journal of Polymer Engineering, 22(3), 155-175 (2002).
63. R. Hogade, M. Li, J.M. Castro and L.J. Lee, "Development of an Isothermal Lubricating Layer Model for Injection Pultrusion of Electronic Pre-pregs", Polymer Engineering and Science, 23(1), 1-9 (2002).
64. B. Yu, L.J. Lee and H. Cao, "A Fractal In-plane Permeability Model for Fabrics", Polymer Composites, 23(2), 201-221 (2002).
65. S. Li, Z. Ding, L. Xu, L.J. Lee and H. Engelen "Influence of Heat Transfer and Curing on the Quality of Pultruded Composites, Part I. Experimental", Polymer Composites, 23(5), 947-956 (2002).
66. Z. Ding, L. Xu, S. Li, and L.J. Lee, "Influence of Heat Transfer and Curing on the Quality of Pultruded Composites, Part II. Modeling and Simulation", Polymer Composites, 23(5), 957-969 (2002).
67. S. Li, L.J. Lee and J.M. Castro, "Effective Mass Diffusivity in Composites", Journal of Composite Materials, 36 (14), 1709-1724 (2002).
68. S. Li, L. Xu, Z. Ding, L.J. Lee and H. Engelen "Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Pulling Force in Pultrusion and Resin Injection Pultrusion, Part I. Experimental", Journal of Composite Materials, 37(2), 163-189 (2003).
69. Z. Ding, L. Xu, S. Li and L.J. Lee, "Experimental and Theoretical Analysis in Pultrusion and Resin Injection Pultrusion, Part II. Modeling and Simulation", Journal of Composite Materials, 37(3), 195-216 (2003).
70. M.S.K. Bhuyan, S. Ko , M.G. Villarreal, E.J. Straus, L.J. Lee and J.M. Castro, "Decreasing the Cycle Time for In-Mold Coating (IMC) of Sheet Molding Compound (SMC) Compression Molding", Polymer Engineering and Science, 4(5), 1800324 (2019).
71. S. Ko, X. Ouyang, E.J. Straus, L.J. Lee and J.M. Castro, "Processability Study of In-mold Coating for Sheet Molding Compound Compression Molded Parts", Polymer Engineering Science, 59(8), 1688–1694 (2019).

Thermoplastic Processing

1. J.M. Marinelli and L.J. Lee, "Experimental Analysis of Plastic Sheet Extrusion," Advances in Polymer Technology, 5, 239-256 (1985).
2. R.W. Nelson, D. Chan, B. Yang and L.J. Lee, "Dynamic Behavior of a Single Screw Plasticating Extruder, I. Experimental Study," Polymer Engineering and Science, 26, 144-151 (1986).
3. D. Chan, R.W. Nelson and L.J. Lee, "Dynamic Behavior of a Single Screw Plasticating Extruder, II. Dynamic Modeling," Polymer Engineering and Science, 26, 152-161 (1986).
4. J.F. Stevenson, L.J. Lee and R.M. Griffith, "Multidimensional Control of Profile Extrusion by Thermal Methods," Polymer Engineering and Science, 26, 233-238 (1986).
5. B. Yang and L.J. Lee, "Process Control of Polymer Extrusion, Part I: Feedback Control," Polymer Engineering and Science, 26(3), 197-204 (1986).
6. B. Yang and L.J. Lee, "Process Control of Polymer Extrusion, Part II: Feedforward Control," Polymer Engineering and Science, 26(3), 205-213 (1986).
7. K.J. Wang and L.J. Lee, "Rheological and Extrusion Behavior of Dispersed Multiphase Polymeric Systems," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 33, 431-453 (1987).
8. B. Yang and L.J. Lee, "Effect of Die Temperature on the Flow of Polymer Melts, Part I. Flow Inside the Die," Polymer Engineering and Science, 27, 1079-1087 (1987).
9. B. Yang and L.J. Lee, "Effect of Die Temperature on the Flow of Polymer Melts, Part II. Extrudate Swell," Polymer Engineering and Science, 27, 1088-1094 (1987).
10. B. Yang and L.J. Lee, "Process Control of Profile Extrusion Using Thermal Methods, I. Mathematical Modeling and System Analysis," Polymer Engineering and Science, 28, 697-707 (1988).
11. B. Yang and L.J. Lee, "Process Control of Profile Extrusion Using Thermal Method, II. Closed Loop Control," Polymer Engineering and Science, 28, 708-717 (1988).
12. D. Chan and L.J. Lee, "Analysis of Molecular Orientation and Internal Stresses in Extruded Plastic Sheets," Polymer Engineering and Science, 29, 163-170 (1989).
13. D. Chan and L.J. Lee, "Stress Development in Plastic Sheet Extrusion," Polymer Engineering and Science, 29, 731-739 (1989).
14. J-Y Nieh and L.J. Lee, "Analysis of Hot Plate Welding of PP, Part I-Crystallization Kinetics," Polymer Engineering and Science, 38(7), 1121-1132 (1998).
15. J-Y Nieh, J. Ni and L.J. Lee, "Analysis of Hot Plate Welding of PP, Part II-Process Simulation," Polymer Engineering and Science, 38(7), 1133-1141 (1998).
16. Y-J Juang, D. Bruer, L.J. Lee, K.W. Koelling, N. Srinivasan, C. Drummond, and B.C. Wong, "A Method for Assessing the Effect of Polymer Sheeting Rheology, Surface Pattern, and Processing Conditions on Glass Lamination", Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 80, 521-528 (2001).
17. Y-J Juang, L.J. Lee and K.W. Koelling, "Rheological Analysis of PVB near Glass Transition Temperature", Polymer Engineering and Science, 41(2), 275-292 (2001).
18. L-T Huang, P-S Hsu, S.C. Chen, J-Y Lai and L.J. Lee, "PTFE Paste Extrusion and Membrane Pore Size Control", Advances in Polymer Technology, 26(3), 163-172 (2008).

Special Notes:

• +: won the best paper award of the Plastics Analysis Division at the 44th SPE ANTEC Meeting in Boston, MA, May 1986.
• ++: won the best paper award of the 42nd Annual Conference of the Society of Plastics Industry in Cincinnati, OH, February 1987.
• +++: won the best overall paper award and the best processing paper award of the 44th Annual Conference of the Society of Plastics Industry in Dallas, TX, February 1989.
• ++++: won the best paper award of the Thermoset Division at the 1990 SPE ANTEC meeting in Dallas, TX, May 1990.
• #: won the best paper award of the Advanced Composites Division at the 1991 SPE ANTEC Meeting in Montreal, Canada, May 1991.
• ##: won the best paper award in the Materials Category at the 50th Annual Conference of the Society of Plastics Industry in Cincinnati, OH, February 1995.
• ###: won the best paper award in the Processing Category at the 51st Annual Conference of the Society of Plastics Industry in Cincinnati, Ohio, February 1996.
• ####: won the best paper award in the Materials Category at the 52nd Annual Conference of the Society of Plastics Industry in Nashville, TN, January 1997
• *: won the best paper award in the Processing Category at the 53rd Annual Conference of the Society of Plastics Industry in Nashville, TN, January 1998.
• **: won the Maro Future Technology Award at the 1998 SPE ANTEC Meeting in Atlanta, GA, April 27, 1998.
• ***: won the best paper award of the Thermoset Division at the 2004 SPE ANTEC Meeting in Chicago, IL, May 2004.
• ****: won the best paper award of the Plastics and Composite Joining SIG at the 2004 SPE ANTEC Meeting in Chicago, IL, May 2004.
• ^: won the best paper award of the Plastics and Composite Joining SIG at the 2005 SPE ANTEC Meeting in Boston, MA, May 2005.
• ^^won: the best paper award of the Thermoplastic Materials and Foams Division at the 2010 SPE ANTEC Meeting in Orlando, FL, May 2010.
• ^^^: won the AAPS Innovation Biotechnology Awards sponsored by Genentech at the 2011 American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Annual Conference in San Francisco, CA, May 2011.

Other Articles

1. M. Tirrell, L.J. Lee and C.W. Macosko, "Conversion and Composition Profiles in Polyurethane Reaction Molding," ACS Symposium #104, Polymerization Reactors and Processes, 149-179 (1979).
2. L.J. Lee, "Liquid‑Liquid Laminar Mixing and Fast Polymerization," Chinese Journal of Polymer Science, 3, 52-57 (1980).
3. L. Kiaee, Y.S. Yang and L.J. Lee, "Effect of Low Profile Additives on the Morphology and Curing of Unsaturated Polyester Resins," AIChE Symposium, Series 260, 84, 52-73 (1988).
4. J.A. Molnar, L. Trevino and L.J. Lee, "Mold Filling in SRIM and RTM: Critical Processing Parameters," Modern Plastics, 120-126, September (1989).
5. C.P. Hsu and L.J. Lee, "Microstructure Formation in the Cure of Low Shrinkage Unsaturated Polyester Resin," Plastics Engineering, 45, November (1989).
6. L.J. Lee, "Material Characterization in Liquid Composite Molding," Makromolecular Chemistry, Macromolecular Symposium, 68, 169-191 (1993).
7. L. Lu, R. Shivpuri and L. J. Lee, "Investigating Process Induced Micro Voids Effect on the Elastic Properties of LCM Polymer Composites", Trans. North American Manufacturing Research Inst. SME, XXXVIII, 93-98 (2000).
8. Y.C. Jean, H.M. Chen, L.J. Lee, J. Yang, X. Gu, W.S. Hung, K.R. Lee, J.Y. Lai, Y.M. Sun and C.C. Hu, "Positronium Chemistry in Polymeric Membrane Systems", Materials Science Forum, 607, 1-8 (2009).
9. H.M. Chen, L.J. Lee, J. Yang, X. Gu and Y.C. Jean, "Free Volumes in Polymer Nanocomposites", Materials Science Forum, 607, 177-179 (2009).